MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by binding to target messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules and promoting their degradation or blocking their translation. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. There is increasing evidence to suggest that miRNAs play a role in the pathogenesis of PD. Studies have identified several miRNAs that are dysregulated in the brains of PD patients, and animal models of the disease. MiRNA expression dysregulation contributes to the onset and progression of PD by modulating neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and protein aggregation genes. Moreover, miRNAs have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for PD. This review elucidates the changes in miRNA expression profiles associated with PD, emphasising their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and detailing specific miRNAs implicated in PD and their downstream targets.

MicroRNA （miRNA） 是非编码小 RNA 分子，通过与靶信使 RNA （mRNA） 分子结合并促进其降解或阻断其翻译来调节基因表达。帕金森病 （PD） 是一种由黑质中多巴胺能神经元丢失引起的神经退行性疾病。越来越多的证据表明 miRNA 在 PD 的发病机制中发挥作用。研究已经确定了几种在 PD 患者大脑和该疾病的动物模型中失调的 miRNA。MiRNA 表达失调通过调节神经炎症、氧化应激和蛋白质聚集基因促进 PD 的发生和进展。此外，miRNA 已成为 PD 的潜在治疗靶点。本综述阐明了与 PD 相关的 miRNA 表达谱的变化，强调了它们作为诊断生物标志物和治疗靶点的潜力，并详细介绍了与 PD 及其下游靶点相关的特定 miRNA。