Increasing agricultural losses caused by insect infestations are a significant problem, so it is important to generate pest-resistant crop varieties to address this issue. Several reviews have examined aphid–plant interactions from an entomological perspective. However, few have specifically focused on plant resistance mechanisms to aphids and their applications in breeding for aphid resistance. In this review, we first outline the types of resistance to aphids in plants, namely antixenosis, tolerance (cell wall lignification, resistance proteins), and antibiosis, and we discuss strategies based on each of these resistance mechanisms to generate plant varieties with improved resistance. We then outline research on the complex interactions among plants, viruses, and aphids, and discuss how aspects of these interactions can be exploited to improve aphid resistance. A deeper understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms related to induced resistance, i.e., the phenomenon where plants become more resistant to a stress they have encountered previously, may allow for its exploitation in breeding for aphid resistance. Wild relatives of crop plants serve as important sources of resistance traits. Genes related to these traits can be introduced into cultivated crop varieties by breeding or genetic modification, and de novo domestication of wild varieties can be used to exploit multiple excellent characteristics, including aphid resistance. Finally, we discuss the use of molecular design breeding, genomic data, and gene editing to generate new aphid-resistant, high-quality crop varieties.

中文翻译：

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增强园艺作物的蚜虫抗性：育种前景


昆虫侵扰造成的农业损失日益增加是一个重大问题，因此培育抗虫作物品种来解决这一问题非常重要。一些评论从昆虫学的角度研究了蚜虫与植物的相互作用。然而，很少有人专门关注植物对蚜虫的抗性机制及其在抗蚜虫育种中的应用。在这篇综述中，我们首先概述了植物对蚜虫的抗性类型，即抗性、耐受性（细胞壁木质化、抗性蛋白）和抗生素，并讨论了基于每种抗性机制的策略，以产生具有改善抗性的植物品种。然后，我们概述了植物、病毒和蚜虫之间复杂相互作用的研究，并讨论了如何利用这些相互作用的各个方面来提高蚜虫抗性。更深入地了解与诱导抗性相关的表观遗传机制，即植物对先前遇到的胁迫变得更具抵抗力的现象，可能有助于将其用于蚜虫抗性育种。农作物的野生近缘种是抗性性状的重要来源。与这些性状相关的基因可以通过育种或基因改造引入栽培作物品种，并且可以利用野生品种的从头驯化来开发多种优良特性，包括抗蚜虫性。最后，我们讨论了利用分子设计育种、基因组数据和基因编辑来培育新的抗蚜虫的高质量作物品种。