Leisure‐time physical activity (LTPA) decreases the risk of dementia, whereas occupational physical activity (OPA) possibly increases the risk. Yet, previous findings are mixed. We therefore aimed to investigate the effect of LTPA and OPA, respectively, on dementia among men and women. In this observational, longitudinal study, we used data from the second wave of a population‐based cohort from the municipality of Copenhagen as baseline. Data were collected in 1981–1983, and 10 343 participants were followed until the end of 2016. LTPA and OPA were self‐reported, and information on dementia diagnoses and redemption of dementia medication was obtained at an individual level from national health registers. We used Poisson regression to analyze the association between LTPA/OPA and dementia and adjusted for self‐reported age, socioeconomic factors, stress, and cardiovascular risk factors (smoking, alcohol, body mass index, and blood pressure). A higher level of LTPA was associated with a lower dementia risk among men, but we found no clear association among women. OPA and dementia were not associated among men, but occupationally active women who reported OPA in terms of walking, lifting, and heavy work had a higher risk of dementia than women with sedentary jobs. This study supported earlier findings of a protective effect of LTPA on dementia among men. Women in physically demanding jobs possibly have a higher risk of dementia, yet this finding warrants further investigation in future studies.

中文翻译：

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职业和闲暇时间身体活动对痴呆症风险的影响：哥本哈根市心脏研究的结果


闲暇时间身体活动 （LTPA） 可降低患痴呆的风险，而职业身体活动 （OPA） 可能会增加风险。然而，以前的发现喜忧参半。因此，我们旨在分别研究LTPA和OPA对男性和女性痴呆的影响。在这项观察性纵向研究中，我们使用了来自哥本哈根市的第二波基于人群的队列的数据作为基线。在 1981-1983 年收集了数据，截至 2016 年底对 10 343 名参与者进行了随访。LTPA 和 OPA 是自我报告的，有关痴呆诊断和痴呆药物赎回的信息是从国家健康登记处获得个人层面的。我们使用泊松回归分析 LTPA/OPA 与痴呆之间的关联，并针对自我报告的年龄、社会经济因素、压力和心血管危险因素（吸烟、饮酒、体重指数和血压）进行调整。高水平的 LTPA 与男性较低的痴呆风险相关，但我们发现女性之间没有明确的关联。OPA 和痴呆在男性中无关，但在行走、举重和繁重工作方面报告 OPA 的职业活跃女性比久坐不动的女性患痴呆的风险更高。这项研究支持了LTPA对男性痴呆保护作用的早期发现。从事体力要求高的工作的女性患痴呆症的风险更高，但这一发现值得在未来的研究中进一步调查。