Despite the increasing concern regarding the ecological risks posed by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a lack of comprehensive understanding of their actual ecotoxicity remains. Through a meticulous examination of 91 peer-reviewed studies investigating effects at a population level and constructing probabilistic species sensitivity distributions (PSSDs), we present a state-of-the-science hazard assessment of PFAS in freshwater species. Using data subsets containing suboptimal data led to an overestimation of the predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) of PFAS. We report PNECs of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs) in freshwater to be 4.8–2000 μg/L and 0.4–8.9 μg/L, respectively, derived from high-quality data. Statistical analyses revealed that both functional groups and carbon chain length significantly influenced (p < 0.05) the variations in toxicity observed among different PFAS. This study underscores the importance of obtaining high-quality PFAS ecotoxicity data to comprehend associated hazards. The PNECs of PFAS derived in this study are higher compared to those of micro/nanoplastics and persistent organic pollutants. Our research offers valuable insights into prioritizing the regulation of more toxic PFAS.

中文翻译：

---

淡水物种中全氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 生态毒理学数据的批判性评估和荟萃分析


尽管人们越来越关注全氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）带来的生态风险，但对其实际生态毒性仍然缺乏全面的了解。通过对 91 项同行评审的研究进行仔细检查，这些研究调查了种群水平的影响并构建了概率物种敏感性分布 (PSSD)，我们提出了 PFAS 对淡水物种的最新科学危害评估。使用包含次优数据的数据子集导致高估 PFAS 的预测无效应浓度 (PNEC)。我们根据高质量数据得出淡水中全氟烷基羧酸 (PFCA) 和全氟烷基磺酸盐 (PFSA) 的 PNEC 分别为 4.8–2000 μg/L 和 0.4–8.9 μg/L。统计分析表明，官能团和碳链长度显着影响（ p < 0.05）不同 PFAS 之间观察到的毒性变化。这项研究强调了获取高质量 PFAS 生态毒性数据以了解相关危害的重要性。本研究中得出的 PFAS 的 PNEC 高于微/纳米塑料和持久性有机污染物的 PNEC。我们的研究为优先监管毒性更强的 PFAS 提供了宝贵的见解。