Carbon sequestration on agricultural land, albeit long-time neglected, offers substantial mitigation potential. Here we project, using an economic land-use model, that these options offer cumulative mitigation potentials comparable to afforestation by 2050 at 160 USD₂₀₂₂ tCO₂ equivalent (tCO₂e⁻¹), with most of it located in the Global South. Carbon sequestration on agricultural land could provide producers around the world with additional revenues of up to 375 billion USD₂₀₂₂ at 160 USD₂₀₂₂ tCO₂e⁻¹ and allow achievement of net-zero emissions in the agriculture, forestry and other land-use sectors by 2050 already at economic costs of around 80–120 USD₂₀₂₂ tCO₂e⁻¹. This would, in turn, decrease economy-wide mitigation costs and increase gross domestic product (+0.6%) by the mid-century in 1.5 °C no-overshoot climate stabilization scenarios compared with mitigation scenarios that do not consider these options. Unlocking these potentials requires the deployment of highly efficient institutions and monitoring systems over the next 5 years across the whole world, including sub-Saharan Africa, where the largest mitigation potential exists.

农业土地上的碳固存虽然长期被忽视，但具有巨大的缓解潜力。在这里，我们使用经济土地利用模型预测，到 2050 年，这些方案提供的累积缓解潜力与植树造林相当，成本为 160 美元_{2022 年}tCO ₂当量 (tCO ₂ e ^-1 )，其中大部分位于全球南方。农业用地碳封存可以为世界各地的生产者提供高达 3750 亿美元的额外收入（ _{2022 年}按 160 美元₂₀₂₂ tCO ₂ e ^-1计算），并通过以下方式实现农业、林业和其他土地利用部门的净零排放：到 2050 年，经济成本已约为 80–120 美元₂₀₂₂ tCO ₂ e ⁻¹ 。反过来，与不考虑这些选项的缓解情景相比，在 1.5°C 无超调气候稳定情景下，到本世纪中叶，这将降低整个经济体的缓解成本并增加国内生产总值 (+0.6%)。释放这些潜力需要在未来5年内在全世界部署高效的机构和监测系统，包括存在最大缓解潜力的撒哈拉以南非洲地区。