BackgroundBidirectional positive relationship between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been recognized, interleukin 17 (IL‐17) and developmental endothelial locus‐1 (Del‐1) are proposed to play roles in periodontitis and T2DM. This study aims to investigate the association of IL‐17 and Del‐1 in patients with periodontitis with and without T2DM by measuring their salivary levels.MethodsA total of 80 participants were enrolled in a cross‐sectional study and divided into healthy (H, n = 27), periodontitis (P, n = 29) and periodontitis with diabetes (PDM, n = 24) groups based on their periodontal and diabetic examination results. Periodontal parameters (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], probing depth [PD], and clinical attachment level [CAL]) as well as diabetic parameters (fasting plasma glucose [FG] and glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c]) were documented and unstimulated saliva was collected. Salivary IL‐1β, active‐matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (aMMP‐8), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐17, and Del‐1 were determined through enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and their relationships with periodontal and diabetic parameters were examined.ResultsThe periodontitis and periodontitis with diabetes groups showed significantly higher levels of IL‐17 and lower levels of Del‐1 compared with healthy group. The periodontitis with diabetes group exhibited higher levels of IL‐17 and lower levels of Del‐1 compared with the periodontitis group. After correlation analysis, there were significant correlations between salivary IL‐17 and Del‐1 and clinical parameters, IL‐17 and Del‐1 were correlated with PD (r = 0.36, ‐0.39, p < 0.01), CAL (r = 0.40, ‐0.42, p < 0.01) and BOP (r = 0.35, ‐0.37, p < 0.01), they were correlated with FG (r = 0.26, ‐0.25, p < 0.05) and HbA1c (r = 0.28, ‐0.40, p < 0.05). Positive relationships were observed between IL‐17 and IL‐1β and between IL‐17 and aMMP‐8 (r = 0.80, 0.77, p < 0.01), while Del‐1 exhibited negative correlations with IL‐1β and aMMP‐8 (r = 0.59, 0.69 p < 0.01). Comparison between IL‐17 and Del‐1 confirmed an inverse relationship (r = ‐0.71, p < 0.01). Salivary Del‐1 levels in the older group were lower compared with young group across the H, P and PDM groups, although these differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05).ConclusionsSalivary IL‐17 and Del‐1 levels in the periodontitis with diabetes group showed significant changes compared with the periodontitis group, they exhibited an inverse relationship and were both correlated with periodontal parameters (PD, CAL, and BOP) and diabetic parameters (FG and HbA1c).Plain Language SummaryPeriodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two common diseases all over the world, some inflammatory mediators (interleukin 17 [IL‐17] and developmental endothelial locus‐1 [Del‐1]) regulate neutrophil production, recruitment and clearance when the body becomes infected and believed to be involved in the progress of diseases of periodontitis and diabetes. In this study, we enrolled healthy subjects, patients with periodontitis, patients with periodontitis and diabetes. We performed dental examinations and evaluated their blood glucose levels, collected their saliva, and detected IL‐17 and Del‐1 levels in their saliva. We found both patients with periodontitis and patients with periodontitis and diabetes showed higher IL‐17 levels and lower Del‐1 levels compared with healthy subjects. Patients with periodontitis and diabetes showed higher IL‐17 levels and lower Del‐1 levels compared with patients with periodontitis. Salivary IL‐17 and Del‐1 levels were both correlated with dental examination results and blood glucose levels, and salivary IL‐17 and Del‐1 displayed an inverse relationship.

中文翻译：

---

伴有或不伴有 2 型糖尿病的牙周炎患者唾液白细胞介素 17 和发育内皮基因座 1 的评估


背景牙周炎和2型糖尿病（T2DM）之间的双向正相关关系已得到认可，白细胞介素17（IL-17）和发育内皮基因座-1（Del-1）被认为在牙周炎和T2DM中发挥作用。本研究旨在通过测量患有或不患有T2DM的牙周炎患者的唾液水平来探讨IL-17和Del-1的关联。方法共有80名参与者参加了一项横断面研究，并分为健康组（H，n）根据牙周和糖尿病检查结果，分为牙周炎组（P，n = 27）、牙周炎组（P，n = 29）和糖尿病牙周炎组（PDM，n = 24）。牙周参数（牙菌斑指数 [PI]、探诊出血 [BOP]、探诊深度 [PD] 和临床附着水平 [CAL]）以及糖尿病参数（空腹血糖 [FG] 和糖化血红蛋白 [HbA1c]）收集有记录的和未受刺激的唾液。通过酶联法测定唾液 IL-1β、活性基质金属蛋白酶-8 (aMMP-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)、IL-6、IL-8、IL-17 和 Del-1。检测其与牙周和糖尿病参数的关系。结果与健康组相比,牙周炎组和糖尿病牙周炎组的IL-17水平显着升高,Del-1水平降低。与牙周炎组相比，糖尿病牙周炎组的 IL-17 水平较高，Del-1 水平较低。经过相关性分析，唾液 IL-17 和 Del-1 与临床参数之间存在显着相关性，IL-17 和 Del-1 与 PD (r = 0.36, ‐0.39, p < 0.01)、CAL (r = 0.40，‐0.42，p < 0.01）和 BOP（r = 0.35，‐0.37，p < 0.01），它们与 FG 相关（r = 0.26, ‐0.25, p < 0.05) 和 HbA1c (r = 0.28, ‐0.40, p < 0.05)。 IL-17 和 IL-1β 之间以及 IL-17 和 aMMP-8 之间观察到正相关（r = 0.80, 0.77, p < 0.01），而 Del-1 与 IL-1β 和 aMMP-8 呈负相关（ r = 0.59, 0.69 p< 0.01)。 IL-17 和 Del-1 之间的比较证实了反比关系（r = ‐0.71，p < 0.01）。在 H、P 和 PDM 组中，老年组的唾液 Del-1 水平低于年轻组，尽管这些差异没有统计学意义 (p > 0.05)。结论 牙周炎中唾液 IL-17 和 Del-1 水平糖尿病组与牙周炎组相比变化显着，呈反比关系，且均与牙周参数（PD、CAL、BOP）和糖尿病参数（FG、HbA1c）相关。 通俗小结 牙周炎与2型糖尿病（ T2DM）是世界各地的两种常见疾病，一些炎症介质（白细胞介素 17 [IL-17] 和发育内皮基因座 1 [Del-1]）在身体受到感染时调节中性粒细胞的产生、募集和清除，并被认为是参与牙周炎和糖尿病疾病的进展。在这项研究中，我们招募了健康受试者、牙周炎患者、牙周炎合并糖尿病患者。我们进行了牙科检查并评估了他们的血糖水平，收集了他们的唾液，并检测了他们唾液中的 IL-17 和 Del-1 水平。我们发现，与健康受试者相比，牙周炎患者以及牙周炎合并糖尿病患者的 IL-17 水平较高，Del-1 水平较低。 与牙周炎患者相比，牙周炎合并糖尿病患者的 IL-17 水平较高，Del-1 水平较低。唾液IL-17和Del-1水平均与牙科检查结果和血糖水平相关，且唾液IL-17和Del-1呈反比关系。