OBJECTIVE To determine whether state-level SEAD policies are associated with pediatric firearm homicides and suicides. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Firearm deaths continue to rise among United States (US) children. School-based efforts to promote social, emotional, and academic development (SEAD) may be a means to reduce such deaths, but state-level policies vary and the effect on firearm deaths is unknown. METHODS We used Education Trust data regarding state-level SEAD policies, averaging 6 domains to create a cumulative score and investigating each domain individually. The primary outcomes were pediatric firearm homicides and suicides, using covariates from the American Community Survey and State Firearm Laws database. We mapped SEAD policies and pediatric death rates. Poisson regression was used to investigate associations between SEAD policies and pediatric firearm deaths. RESULTS Annual statewide pediatric firearm deaths ranged from 0.85 to 7.81 per 100,000; homicides from 0.64 to 5.69, and suicides from 0.21 to 4.75. Univariate analyses demonstrated associations between SEAD scores and both homicides (P=0.003) and suicides (P=0.032), but these were nonsignificant after adjustment. Professional Development and Engagement policies were associated with lower rates of pediatric firearm homicides after adjustment (IRR=0.33, P=0.004 and IRR=0.46, P=0.014, respectively). There was no significant association between any domain and pediatric firearm suicide. CONCLUSION Professional Development and Student, Family and Community Engagement policies are associated with lower rates of pediatric firearm homicides, however, there was no significant association between pediatric firearm deaths and summary SEAD measures after adjustment. Certain SEAD policies may be helpful in decreasing pediatric firearm deaths.

中文翻译：

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儿童枪支死亡和国家关于社会、情感和学术发展的政策。


目的 确定州级 SEAD 政策是否与儿童枪支凶杀和自杀相关。摘要背景数据 美国儿童因枪支死亡的人数持续上升。以学校为基础的促进社会、情感和学术发展（SEAD）的努力可能是减少此类死亡的一种手段，但各州政策各不相同，对枪支死亡的影响尚不清楚。方法 我们使用有关州级 SEAD 政策的教育信托数据，对 6 个域进行平均以创建累积分数，并单独调查每个域。主要结果是儿童枪支杀人和自杀，使用美国社区调查和州枪支法律数据库的协变量。我们绘制了 SEAD 政策和儿科死亡率的地图。泊松回归用于调查 SEAD 政策与儿童枪支死亡之间的关联。结果 全州范围内每年儿童枪支死亡人数为每 100,000 人 0.85 人至 7.81 人；凶杀案从 0.64 到 5.69，自杀案从 0.21 到 4.75。单变量分析表明 SEAD 评分与他杀 (P=0.003) 和自杀 (P=0.032) 之间存在关联，但调整后这些关联并不显着。专业发展和参与政策与调整后儿童枪支凶杀率较低相关（分别为 IRR=0.33，P=0.004 和 IRR=0.46，P=0.014）。任何领域与​​儿童枪支自杀之间都没有显着关联。结论 专业发展以及学生、家庭和社区参与政策与较低的儿童枪支凶杀率相关，但是，调整后儿童枪支死亡与 SEAD 汇总措施之间没有显着关联。 某些 SEAD 政策可能有助于减少儿童枪支死亡。