Aggression towards others produces great physical, emotional, and economic burden. An extensive body of research identifies risk factors related to aggression that span biological and environmental factors. However, much of that work identifies risk factors in isolation (or among only a few other risk factors) even though the development of aggression is a complex phenomenon involving interactions among risk and protective factors across time and across levels of analysis. The goal of this piece is to identify themes in the literature to articulate five practical steps needed to advance the science of biosocial transactions related to the development and maintenance of aggression in children and young people. Specifically, we highlight key biological (brain, genes) and psychosocial (parenting, peers) domains in aggression research as we comment on ways to improve the measurement of and quantitative methods in the study of neurocognitive process and environments related to aggression. We also discuss the science of intervention within a transactional model, highlighting the need for the science of behavior change to develop from a mechanistic framework. Our understanding of aggression is poised for transformation. We are in a position to integrate biosocial insights in ways that allow us to specify mechanisms and better understand transactional relationships that inform how and why some children grow up to display aggression.

中文翻译：

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推进与儿童和青少年攻击相关的生物社会交易科学：简要回顾和前进步骤


对他人的攻击会产生巨大的身体、情感和经济负担。广泛的研究确定了与攻击相关的风险因素，这些因素涵盖生物和环境因素。然而，这些工作的大部分是孤立地识别风险因素（或仅在少数其他风险因素中识别），即使攻击性的发展是一个复杂的现象，涉及风险和保护因素之间在不同时间和不同分析层次之间的相互作用。本文的目标是确定文献中的主题，以阐明推进与儿童和青少年攻击性发展和维持相关的生物社会交易科学所需的五个实际步骤。具体来说，我们强调了攻击性研究中的关键生物学（大脑、基因）和社会心理（育儿、同伴）领域，因为我们评论了改进与攻击相关的神经认知过程和环境研究中的测量和定量方法的方法。我们还讨论了交易模型中的干预科学，强调了行为改变科学需要从机械框架发展而来。我们对侵略性的理解即将发生转变。我们能够以使我们能够指定机制并更好地了解交易关系的方式整合生物社会洞察力，这些关系告知一些孩子长大后如何以及为什么表现出攻击性。