The projected escalating use of renewables to meet the Paris Agreement goals has raised concerns about land-use pressures, particularly from biomass-based systems. This study introduces the concept of Integrated Food, Energy, and Materials Systems (IFEMS) as a strategy to optimize land-use efficiency for decarbonization. To evaluate the land-use efficiency of IFEMS and other renewable resource-based systems, a novel parameter termed decarbonization density (DD) is proposed, which aggregates all services that reduce GHG emissions and remove carbon from atmosphere per unit of land. A case study on an archetypical integral sugarcane utilization system in Brazil is analyzed, indicating that the simultaneous production of food, energy, and materials can synergistically aid decarbonization efforts. The estimated DD for the baseline scenario is 20 tCO2e/ha, while in the innovative scenario (SC-innov), it rises to 145 tCO2e/ha. Most of this increase stems from including the production of fermented meat as a substitute of beef, which accounts for three quarters of DD's value in SC-innov, indicating a high potential of this technology for contributing to decarbonization. These findings suggest that IFEMS may represent a land-use strategy at least as efficient as other renewable energy systems, with the potential to grow as biomass conversion technology advances into more complex systems. However, these advances also pose the challenge of integrating diverse product streams for different markets, which will likely require the coordination of multiple stakeholders within an industrial ecosystem rather than a single-actor model.

中文翻译：

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粮食、能源和材料生产的综合系统作为脱碳和土地利用的可持续战略：巴西甘蔗的案例


为实现《巴黎协定》目标而预计不断增加可再生能源的使用引起了人们对土地使用压力的担忧，特别是来自生物质系统的压力。本研究引入了综合食品、能源和材料系统（IFEMS）的概念，作为优化土地利用效率以实现脱碳的策略。为了评估 IFEMS 和其他基于可再生资源的系统的土地利用效率，提出了一种称为脱碳密度 (DD) 的新参数，该参数汇总了每单位土地减少温室气体排放和去除大气中碳的所有服务。对巴西典型的整体甘蔗利用系统的案例研究表明，同时生产粮食、能源和材料可以协同促进脱碳工作。基准情景的估计 DD 为 20 tCO2e/ha，而在创新情景 (SC-innov) 中，则升至 145 tCO2e/ha。这一增长大部分源于发酵肉替代牛肉的生产，这占 SC-innov 中 DD 价值的四分之三，表明该技术在促进脱碳方面具有巨大潜力。这些发现表明，IFEMS 可能代表了一种至少与其他可再生能源系统一样高效的土地利用策略，并且随着生物质转化技术发展到更复杂的系统，其潜力将不断增长。然而，这些进步也带来了针对不同市场整合不同产品流的挑战，这可能需要工业生态系统内多个利益相关者的协调，而不是单一参与者模型。