Tagging fishes with internal or external electronic tracking devices (acoustic, radio, satellite, or archival tags) is invaluable to behavioural, ecological, and welfare research, but may have adverse effects on the animals studied. While short‐term responses to tagging (e.g., days to weeks) have often been investigated, less information is available on longer‐term impacts (e.g., months to years) and the potential chronic effects of tagging on basic biological needs such as foraging and reproduction. Here, we synthesize existing knowledge from peer‐reviewed acoustic, radio, satellite, and archival tagging articles (n = 149) and anecdotal accounts (n = 72) from 36 researchers to assess the effects of tagging over prolonged periods. We identified a dearth of research that has specifically measured or quantified the impacts of tagging over a period longer than a few weeks or months (e.g., median experimental study duration = 33 days; n = 120 articles). Nevertheless, there was limited evidence to support a net negative long‐term impact from the implantation or attachment of electronic devices. Considerations and future research directions are discussed with the goal of generating guidance to the research community and minimizing potentially detrimental impacts to study animals. Given the global application and relevance of electronic tagging research to inform conservation and management of fishes, it is imperative for scientists to continue evaluating how tagging procedures affect animal welfare, fate, and the interpretation of tracking data.

中文翻译：

---

用电子跟踪设备标记鱼类的长期影响


用内部或外部电子跟踪设备（声音、无线电、卫星或档案标签）标记鱼类对于行为、生态和福利研究非常有价值，但可能对所研究的动物产生不利影响。虽然人们经常对标记的短期反应（例如，几天到几周）进行调查，但关于长期影响（例如，几个月到几年）以及标记对基本生物需求（例如觅食和进食）的潜在慢性影响的信息很少。生殖。在这里，我们综合了同行评审的声学、无线电、卫星和档案标签文章 (n = 149) 以及 36 位研究人员的轶事叙述 (n = 72) 中的现有知识，以评估长期标签的影响。我们发现缺乏专门测量或量化标签在几周或几个月以上的影响的研究（例如，中位实验研究持续时间 = 33 天；n = 120 篇文章）。然而，只有有限的证据支持电子设备的植入或附着会产生净负面长期影响。讨论了考虑因素和未来的研究方向，目的是为研究界提供指导并尽量减少对研究动物的潜在有害影响。鉴于电子标签研究在全球范围内的应用和相关性，为鱼类的保护和管理提供信息，科学家必须继续评估标签程序如何影响动物福利、命运和跟踪数据的解释。