Glyphosate, the most popular herbicide globally, has long been considered safe for mammals. However, whether glyphosate can disturb gut microbiota via inhibiting aromatic amino acid (AAA) synthesis has been under debate recently. Here, we evaluated the impacts of chronic exposure to Roundup on gut health with the addition of AAA and explored the mechanism behind Roundup-induced gut dysfunction by performing fecal microbiota transplantation. 500 mg/kg·bw of Roundup, independent of AAA deficiency, caused severe damage to gut function, as characterized by gut microbial dysbiosis, oxidative stress damage, intestinal inflammation, and histopathological injury, particularly in female rats. Notably, similar to Roundup, Roundup-shaped gut microbiome evidently damaged serum, cecum, and colon profiling of oxidative stress biomarkers (malonaldehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and H₂O₂). Moreover, it induced 0.65-, 3.29-, and 2.36-fold increases in colonic IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, and 0.34-fold decreases in the IL-10 level. Upon transplanting healthy fecal microbiota to Roundup-treated rats, they exhibited a healthier gut microenvironment with mitigated inflammation, oxidative damage, and intestinal injury. Overall, our findings provide new insights into the safety of Roundup, highlight the crucial role of gut microbiota in Roundup-induced gut dysfunction, and pave the way for developing gut-microbiota-based strategies to address Roundup-related safety issues.

中文翻译：

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农达引起的肠道菌群失调，与芳香氨基酸缺乏无关，会损害大鼠的肠道功能


草甘膦是全球最受欢迎的除草剂，长期以来一直被认为对哺乳动物是安全的。然而，草甘膦是否可以通过抑制芳香氨基酸（AAA）合成来扰乱肠道微生物群，最近一直存在争议。在这里，我们评估了添加 AAA 后长期接触农达对肠道健康的影响，并通过粪便微生物移植探索了农达诱发肠道功能障碍的机制。与 AAA 缺乏无关，500 mg/kg·bw 的农达会对肠道功能造成严重损害，其特点是肠道微生物失调、氧化应激损伤、肠道炎症和组织病理学损伤，特别是在雌性大鼠中。值得注意的是，与农达相似，农达形状的肠道微生物群明显损害了血清、盲肠和结肠的氧化应激生物标志物（丙二醛（MDA）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）和H ₂ O ₂ )。此外，它还诱导结肠 IL-1β、IL-6 和 TNF-α 水平增加 0.65、3.29 和 2.36 倍，以及 IL-10 水平降低 0.34 倍。将健康的粪便微生物群移植到农达治疗的大鼠体内后，它们表现出更健康的肠道微环境，炎症、氧化损伤和肠道损伤减轻。总体而言，我们的研究结果为农达的安全性提供了新的见解，强调了肠道微生物群在农达诱导的肠道功能障碍中的关键作用，并为开发基于肠道微生物群的策略来解决农达相关的安全问题铺平了道路。