The immense production of fishmeal and fish oil is dramatically intensifying the severe state of pelagic fisheries overexploitation. The latter in conjunction with the increasing demand for low‐cost protein‐rich food supply prompt aquaculture to employ new practice. Several novel dietary ingredients are currently under evaluation for potential incorporation in aquafeeds in an effort to shift the aquaculture sector toward a more sustainable and economic production. The present review aims to summarize the existing findings regarding the effects of studied alternatives to fishmeal and fish oil on the most valuable and commercially produced marine (Sparus aurata and Dicentrarchus labrax) and freshwater (Salmo salar and Oncorhynchus mykiss) finfish species in European aquaculture. Alternative protein sources, including macroalage (marine plants), krill (marine fishery), insects (terrestrial), terrestrial animal by‐products (processed/rendered), and single cell ingredient (biotechnology), are discussed for their efficiency in promoting the growth and the welfare of both fry and adult cultured finfish species. Applicability of these ingredients is reviewed in terms of nutrient composition, dietary inclusion level, performance output, digestibility, and health benefits. In addition, a meta‐analysis was conducted based on data from peer‐reviewed scientific publications in order to assess whether novel ingredients meet the dietary protein (amino acid) and lipid requirements of finfishes. Aquafeed reformulation strategies should ensure the recommended daily nutritional requirements and additionally indicate the meta‐analysis alternatives, such as microalgae, which are deficient in essential amino acids. The sustainable expansion of aquaculture is on the horizon, but which novel ingredients may be regarded as the key drivers to its establishment?

中文翻译：

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哪种新型成分应被视为鱼类水产饲料可持续生产的“圣杯”？


鱼粉和鱼油的大量生产极大地加剧了远洋渔业过度捕捞的严重状况。后者加上对低成本富含蛋白质的食品供应的需求不断增长，促使水产养殖采用新的做法。目前正在评估几种新型膳食成分是否有可能加入水产饲料中，以努力使水产养殖业转向更加可持续和经济的生产。本综述旨在总结有关鱼粉和鱼油替代品对欧洲水产养殖中最有价值和商业化生产的海洋（黑鲷和 Dicentrarchus labrax）和淡水（Salmo salar 和 Oncorhynchus mykiss）有鳍鱼类的影响的现有研究结果。讨论了替代蛋白质来源，包括巨藻（海洋植物）、磷虾（海洋渔业）、昆虫（陆生）、陆生动物副产品（加工/提炼）和单细胞成分（生物技术），讨论了它们在促进生长方面的效率以及鱼苗和成体养殖鱼类的福利。这些成分的适用性从营养成分、膳食包含水平、性能输出、消化率和健康益处方面进行了审查。此外，还根据同行评审的科学出版物的数据进行了荟萃分析，以评估新型成分是否满足有鳍鱼类的膳食蛋白质（氨基酸）和脂质需求。水产饲料重新配制策略应确保建议的每日营养需求，并另外指出荟萃分析替代品，例如缺乏必需氨基酸的微藻。 水产养殖的可持续扩张即将到来，但哪些新成分可能被视为其建立的关键驱动力？