Road tunnels constructed in complex rock strata may encounter unfavourable geological formations such as rock faults. Grouting into rock faults around road tunnels or installing flexible joints for tunnel structures have been widely used in engineering practice to improve the performance of fault-crossing road tunnels against static and seismic loads. However, flexible joints with low stiffness and likely low strength may be subjected to direct explosion loads and their performance in resisting blast loads has not been investigated. In this study, the resistance of a typical fault-crossing road tunnel to an internal Boiling Liquid Expansion Vapour Explosion (BLEVE) caused by the rupture of a 20 m Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) tank is numerically investigated. The response and residual load-bearing capacity of the fault-crossing road tunnel with and without the grouting and rubber joints under the internal BLEVE are calculated and compared. It is found that the combined measures greatly enhance the BLEVE resistance of the fault-crossing road tunnel due to the fact that grouting greatly improves the mechanical properties of the fault-affected rock mass, and the rubber joints significantly attenuate the BLEVE-induced stress wave propagation inside the tunnel lining. In addition, parametric analyses are conducted to investigate the effects of the grouting and rubber joint configurations on the BLEVE resistance of the fault-crossing road tunnel. Damage criteria considering the tunnel’s residual load-bearing capacity (RLBC) are also established to evaluate the collapse risk and potential collapse zone of the fault-crossing road tunnel after being exposed to internal BLEVE. The results show that the potential collapse zones of the fault-crossing road tunnel along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel can be effectively reduced by increasing grouting thicknesses and installing narrower rubber joints.

中文翻译：

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内部沸腾液体膨胀蒸气爆炸（BLEVE）下跨断层公路隧道的性能和损伤评估


在复杂岩层中修建的公路隧道可能会遇到岩石断层等不利地质构造。在公路隧道周围岩石断层中注浆或为隧道结构安装柔性接头已在工程实践中广泛应用，以提高跨断层公路隧道的抗静力和地震荷载性能。然而，具有低刚度和可能低强度的柔性接头可能会受到直接爆炸载荷，并且其抵抗爆炸载荷的性能尚未得到研究。在本研究中，对典型跨断层公路隧道对 20 m 液化石油气 (LPG) 储罐破裂引起的内部沸腾液体膨胀蒸气爆炸 (BLEVE) 的抵抗力进行了数值研究。计算并比较了内部BLEVE下有和没有注浆和橡胶接头的过断层公路隧道的响应和剩余承载能力。研究发现，由于注浆极大地改善了断层影响岩体的力学性能，且橡胶接头显着衰减了BLEVE引起的应力波，综合措施大大增强了跨断层公路隧道的BLEVE抗力。在隧道衬砌内传播。此外，还进行了参数分析，以研究灌浆和橡胶接头配置对跨断层公路隧道 BLEVE 阻力的影响。还建立了考虑隧道剩余承载能力（RLBC）的损伤准则，以评估跨断层公路隧道暴露于内部BLEVE后的崩塌风险和潜在崩塌区域。 研究结果表明，通过增加灌浆厚度和设置较窄的橡胶接头，可以有效减少跨断层公路隧道沿隧道纵向的潜在塌陷区。