Circadian rhythms are self-sustaining oscillations within biological systems that play key roles in a diverse multitude of physiological processes. The circadian clock mechanisms in brain and peripheral tissues can oscillate independently or be synchronized/disrupted by external stimuli. Dental enamel is a type of mineralized tissue that forms the exterior surface of the tooth crown. Incremental Retzius lines are readily observable microstructures of mature tooth enamel that indicate the regulation of amelogenesis by circadian rhythms. Teeth enamel is formed by enamel-forming cells known as ameloblasts, which are regulated and orchestrated by the circadian clock during amelogenesis. This review will first examine the key roles of the circadian clock in regulating ameloblasts and amelogenesis. Several physiological processes are involved, including gene expression, cell morphology, metabolic changes, matrix deposition, ion transportation, and mineralization. Next, the potential detrimental effects of circadian rhythm disruption on enamel formation are discussed. Circadian rhythm disruption can directly lead to Enamel Hypoplasia, which might also be a potential causative mechanism of amelogenesis imperfecta. Finally, future research trajectory in this field is extrapolated. It is hoped that this review will inspire more intensive research efforts and provide relevant cues in formulating novel therapeutic strategies for preventing tooth enamel developmental abnormalities.

昼夜节律是生物系统内自我维持的振荡，在多种生理过程中发挥着关键作用。大脑和周围组织中的生物钟机制可以独立振荡，也可以被外部刺激同步/扰乱。牙釉质是一种矿化组织，形成牙冠的外表面。增量雷齐乌斯线是成熟牙釉质容易观察到的微观结构，表明昼夜节律对釉质生成的调节。牙釉质是由称为成釉细胞的釉质形成细胞形成的，这些细胞在成釉细胞过程中受到生物钟的调节和协调。本综述将首先探讨生物钟在调节成釉细胞和成釉细胞中的关键作用。涉及多种生理过程，包括基因表达、细胞形态、代谢变化、基质沉积、离子运输和矿化。接下来，讨论昼夜节律破坏对牙釉质形成的潜在有害影响。昼夜节律紊乱可直接导致牙釉质发育不全，这也可能是釉质生成不全的潜在致病机制。最后，推断了该领域未来的研究轨迹。希望这篇综述能够激发更深入的研究工作，并为制定预防牙釉质发育异常的新治疗策略提供相关线索。