Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a rare and severe condition characterized by increased pressure in the pulmonary circulation, often resulting in right ventricular failure and death. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a crucial role in the cardiovascular and pulmonary controls. Dysfunction of ANS has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiopulmonary diseases. Conversely, dysfunctions in ANS can arise from these diseases, impacting cardiac and pulmonary autonomic functions and contributing to disease progression. The complex interaction between ANS dysfunction and PH plays a crucial role in the disease progression, making it essential to explore interventions that modulate ANS, such as physical exercise, to improve the treatment and prognosis of patients with PH. This review addresses autonomic dysfunctions found in PH and their implications for the cardiopulmonary system. Furthermore, we discuss how physical exercise, a significant modulator of ANS, may contribute to the prognosis of PH. Drawing from evidence of aerobic and resistance exercise training in patients and experimental models of PH, potential cardiovascular benefits of exercise are presented. Finally, we highlight emerging therapeutic targets and perspectives to better cope with the complex condition. A comprehensive understanding of the interaction between ANS and PH, coupled with targeted physical exercise interventions, may pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies and significantly improve the treatment and prognosis of vulnerable patients.

中文翻译：

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肺动脉高压中的自主神经失调：体育锻炼的作用。


肺动脉高压 （PH） 是一种罕见且严重的疾病，其特征是肺循环压力升高，通常会导致右心室衰竭和死亡。自主神经系统 （ANS） 在心血管和肺部控制中起着至关重要的作用。ANS 功能障碍与心肺疾病的发病机制有关。相反，这些疾病可引起 ANS 功能障碍，影响心脏和肺自主神经功能并导致疾病进展。ANS 功能障碍和 PH 之间的复杂相互作用在疾病进展中起着至关重要的作用，因此必须探索调节 ANS 的干预措施，例如体育锻炼，以改善 PH 患者的治疗和预后。本综述讨论了 PH 中发现的自主神经功能障碍及其对心肺系统的影响。此外，我们讨论了体育锻炼（ANS 的重要调节剂）如何促进 PH 的预后。根据患者有氧和抗阻运动训练的证据和 PH 的实验模型，提出了运动对心血管的潜在益处。最后，我们强调了新兴的治疗靶点和观点，以更好地应对复杂的病情。全面了解 ANS 和 PH 之间的相互作用，再加上有针对性的体育锻炼干预，可能为创新的治疗策略铺平道路，并显着改善弱势患者的治疗和预后。