Lacking a secure and reliable execution platform has hindered smart contracts from being applied in depth and width. Blockchain, as a decentralized, tamper-proof, and non-repudiation distributed computing platform, ensures that smart contracts are strictly enforced according to their established logic and not manipulated in the execution process. Programmability on the blockchain platforms is achieved through smart contracts to expand the application areas of blockchain extensively. However, current public blockchain and consortium blockchain platforms differ greatly in the execution mode of smart contracts, both of which have problems of how to execute smart contract efficiently and flexibly. This article provides a comparative analysis of mainstream blockchain platforms from the perspective of smart contracts execution mechanism, and summarizes the research status quo, challenges, and development trends from the perspective of smart contracts deployment and execution. We also discussed four perspectives on how smart contracts empower Industry 4.0 and explored the potential transition from digital industry to trusted industry through case studies. This article provides a distinct angle of view to survey smart contracts, which may count for the follow-up work of performance improvement for the blockchain platforms.

中文翻译：

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区块链智能合约执行机制概述


缺乏安全可靠的执行平台阻碍了智能合约应用的深度和广度。区块链作为一种去中心化、防篡改、不可否认的分布式计算平台，保证智能合约按照其既定逻辑严格执行，在执行过程中不被操纵。通过智能合约实现区块链平台的可编程性，广泛拓展区块链的应用领域。然而，目前的公有链平台和联盟链平台在智能合约的执行方式上存在较大差异，都存在如何高效、灵活地执行智能合约的问题。本文从智能合约执行机制的角度对主流区块链平台进行了比较分析，并从智能合约部署和执行的角度总结了研究现状、挑战和发展趋势。我们还讨论了智能合约如何赋能工业 4.0 的四个视角，并通过案例研究探讨了从数字行业到可信行业的潜在转变。本文提供了一个独特的视角来考察智能合约，这对于区块链平台后续的性能提升工作具有一定的参考价值。