As angiogenesis was recognized as a core hallmark of cancer growth and survival, several strategies have been implemented to target the tumour vasculature. Yet to date, attempts have rarely been so diverse, ranging from vessel growth inhibition and destruction to vessel normalization, reprogramming and vessel growth promotion. Some of these strategies, combined with standard of care, have translated into improved cancer therapies, but their successes are constrained to certain cancer types. This Review provides an overview of these vascular targeting approaches and puts them into context based on our subsequent improved understanding of the tumour vasculature as an integral part of the tumour microenvironment with which it is functionally interlinked. This new knowledge has already led to dual targeting of the vascular and immune cell compartments and sets the scene for future investigations of possible alternative approaches that consider the vascular link with other tumour microenvironment components for improved cancer therapy.

由于血管生成被认为是癌症生长和存活的核心标志，因此已经实施了多种针对肿瘤脉管系统的策略。然而迄今为止，尝试很少如此多样化，从血管生长抑制和破坏到血管正常化、重新编程和促进血管生长。其中一些策略与护理标准相结合，已转化为改进的癌症疗法，但其成功仅限于某些癌症类型。本综述概述了这些血管靶向方法，并基于我们随后对肿瘤脉管系统作为肿瘤微环境的一个组成部分的深入理解，将它们置于背景中，肿瘤微环境与肿瘤微环境在功能上相互关联。这一新知识已经导致了血管和免疫细胞区室的双重靶向，并为未来研究可能的替代方法奠定了基础，这些替代方法考虑血管与其他肿瘤微环境成分的联系，以改善癌症治疗。