Abstract. Plaggic anthrosols demonstrate the significant and widespread influence of agriculture on the landscape of northern Europe and testify to increased land-use intensity over the last millennium. However, a lack of established chronologic methods to interrogate these soils has hindered research on their formation history, so the timing and process of plaggic anthrosol development remain poorly quantified. Recently, luminescence dating methods have emerged as a tool for tracing the past movement of grains, including within the soil column. This study combines two primary luminescence methods – single-grain feldspar infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) along with post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence (pIRIR) measurements and small-aliquot (or multi-grain) quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) – to reconstruct the formation of a plaggic anthrosol at Braakmankamp (eastern Netherlands). Toward this aim, we present a new method to identify well-bleached single grains of feldspar using the ratio of the grain's IRSL and pIRIR signals as a filter. The results provide both methodological and applied archaeological insights. Both small-aliquot quartz OSL and single-grain feldspar pIRIR ages yield reliable ages for plaggen deposits when the new filtering approach is used to remove poorly bleached feldspar grains from the analysis. Single-grain pIRIR feldspar has the added benefit of revealing complex soil formation histories for naturally bioturbated deposits, including those at the base of the plaggen layer. Augmenting this information with conventional quartz OSL dating builds confidence in the geo-chronologic record and allows us to reconstruct the timing and processes of plaggic anthrosol formation in Braakmankamp. According to the luminescence dating results, land clearance occurred around 900–1000 years ago, and accumulation of plaggen material began around 700–800 years ago. The average accumulation rate of plaggen material is estimated at ∼ 1.1 mm yr−1.

中文翻译：

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发光测年方法重建泥质炭溶胶的形成


摘要。 Plaggic anthrosols证明了农业对北欧景观的重大而广泛的影响，并证明了过去千年土地利用强度的增加。然而，由于缺乏确定的年代学方法来询问这些土壤，阻碍了对其形成历史的研究，因此沼泽炭土发育的时间和过程仍然很难量化。最近，发光测年方法已成为追踪谷物过去运动（包括土柱内）的工具。这项研究结合了两种主要的发光方法——单晶长石红外受激发光（IRSL）以及后红外红外受激发光（pIRIR）测量和小等分（或多晶）石英光受激发光（OSL）——以重建在布拉克曼坎普（荷兰东部）形成了泥质炭溶胶。为了实现这一目标，我们提出了一种新方法，使用颗粒的 IRSL 和 pIRIR 信号之比作为滤波器来识别漂白良好的单粒长石颗粒。结果提供了方法论和应用考古学的见解。当使用新的过滤方法从分析中去除漂白不良的长石颗粒时，小等分石英 OSL 和单颗粒长石 pIRIR 年龄都可以得出可靠的斑沉积物年龄。单粒 pIRIR 长石具有揭示自然生物扰动沉积物复杂土壤形成历史的额外好处，包括那些位于斑层底部的沉积物。用传统的石英光释光测年法增强这些信息可以建立对地质年代记录的信心，并使我们能够重建布拉克曼坎普的泥质炭溶胶形成的时间和过程。 根据发光测年结果，土地清理发生在大约900-1000年前，滩质物质的积累大约在700-800年前开始。滩质材料的平均积累速率估计为 ∼ 1.1 mm yr−1。