Cell therapies are at the forefront of novel therapeutics. Neutrophils, despite being the most populous immune cells in human blood circulation, are not considered a viable option for cellular therapies because of their short lifespan and poor understanding of their role in the pathophysiology of various diseases. In inflammatory conditions, neutrophils exhibit an activated phenotype. Activation brings about significant changes to neutrophil biology such as increased lifespan, inflammatory cytokine secretion, and enhanced effector functions. Activated neutrophils also possess the potential to stimulate the downstream immune response and are described as essential effectors in the immune response to tumors. This makes activated neutrophils an interesting candidate for cell therapies. Here, we review the biology of activated neutrophils in detail. We discuss the different ways neutrophils can be activated and the effect they have on other immune cells for stimulation of downstream immune response. We review the conditions where activated neutrophil therapy can be therapeutically beneficial and discuss the challenges associated with their eventual translation. Overall, this review summarizes the current state of understanding of neutrophil‐based immunotherapies and their clinical potential.

中文翻译：

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激活的中性粒细胞：下一代细胞免疫疗法


细胞疗法处于新型疗法的前沿。尽管中性粒细胞是人体血液循环中数量最多的免疫细胞，但由于其寿命短且对其在各种疾病的病理生理学中的作用了解甚少，因此不被认为是细胞疗法的可行选择。在炎症条件下，中性粒细胞表现出激活的表型。激活给中性粒细胞生物学带来显着变化，例如寿命延长、炎症细胞因子分泌和效应功能增强。活化的中性粒细胞还具有刺激下游免疫反应的潜力，并被描述为肿瘤免疫反应中的重要效应物。这使得活化的中性粒细胞成为细胞疗法的有趣候选者。在这里，我们详细回顾了激活的中性粒细胞的生物学。我们讨论了中性粒细胞被激活的不同方式以及它们对其他免疫细胞刺激下游免疫反应的影响。我们回顾了活化中性粒细胞疗法可以产生治疗效果的情况，并讨论了与其最终转化相关的挑战。总的来说，这篇综述总结了目前对基于中性粒细胞的免疫疗法及其临床潜力的理解。