Electrolyte composition strongly affects the performance of Li-ion batteries in terms of their general electrochemical properties, electrode stability, cycle life, long-term stability (especially at elevated temperatures), and safety. Additives are essential constituents of efficient electrolyte systems for advanced batteries. Their nature and chemical identity are highly diverse, and their modes of action are sometimes not fully understood, seemingly related to “alchemy”. Additives play a crucial role in stabilizing interfaces, enhancing cycle life, and significantly improving safety. Here, a wide scope of additives used in rechargeable Li batteries is examined. Various additives are surveyed emphasizing the importance of their functional groups. We examine routes for judicious optimization of electrolyte solutions by selecting suitable additives for improved rechargeable batteries. As there are many types of additives, their judicious classification is very challenging. We suggest herein the classification and specification of important and representative additives by their central elements. A first classification is based on additives with central atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Then, we mention additives based on unsaturated bonds and/or unstable ring organic molecules. Dual salt systems are also briefly discussed. Finally, we briefly discussed modelling efforts related to additives.

中文翻译：

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锂离子电池电解液添加剂：按元素分类


电解质成分强烈影响锂离子电池的一般电化学性能、电极稳定性、循环寿命、长期稳定性（特别是在高温下）和安全性。添加剂是先进电池高效电解质系统的重要组成部分。它们的性质和化学特性高度多样化，它们的作用方式有时未被完全理解，似乎与“炼金术”有关。添加剂在稳定界面、延长循环寿命和显着提高安全性方面发挥着至关重要的作用。在这里，我们对可充电锂电池中使用的各种添加剂进行了研究。对各种添加剂进行了调查，强调其官能团的重要性。我们通过选择合适的添加剂来改进可充电电池，研究明智地优化电解质溶液的途径。由于添加剂的类型很多，对其进行明智的分类非常具有挑战性。我们在此建议按其核心元素对重要且有代表性的添加剂进行分类和规范。第一类是基于具有除碳、氢和氧之外的中心原子的添加剂。然后，我们提到基于不饱和键和/或不稳定环状有机分子的添加剂。还简要讨论了双盐系统。最后，我们简要讨论了与添加剂相关的建模工作。