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Analysis of microisolated frontal cortex excitatory layer III and V pyramidal neurons reveals a neurodegenerative phenotype in individuals with Down syndrome
Acta Neuropathologica ( IF 9.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-08-06 , DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02768-0
Melissa J Alldred 1, 2 , Harshitha Pidikiti 1 , Kyrillos W Ibrahim 1 , Sang Han Lee 1, 2 , Adriana Heguy 3, 4 , Gabriel E Hoffman 5, 6 , Panos Roussos 5, 6 , Thomas Wisniewski 2, 4, 7, 8 , Jerzy Wegiel 9 , Grace E Stutzmann 10 , Elliott J Mufson 11 , Stephen D Ginsberg 1, 2, 8, 12
Affiliation  

We elucidated the molecular fingerprint of vulnerable excitatory neurons within select cortical lamina of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) for mechanistic understanding and therapeutic potential that also informs Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathophysiology. Frontal cortex (BA9) layer III (L3) and layer V (L5) pyramidal neurons were microisolated from postmortem human DS and age- and sex-matched controls (CTR) to interrogate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and key biological pathways relevant to neurodegenerative programs. We identified > 2300 DEGs exhibiting convergent dysregulation of gene expression in both L3 and L5 pyramidal neurons in individuals with DS versus CTR subjects. DEGs included over 100 triplicated human chromosome 21 genes in L3 and L5 neurons, demonstrating a trisomic neuronal karyotype in both laminae. In addition, thousands of other DEGs were identified, indicating gene dysregulation is not limited to trisomic genes in the aged DS brain, which we postulate is relevant to AD pathobiology. Convergent L3 and L5 DEGs highlighted pertinent biological pathways and identified key pathway-associated targets likely underlying corticocortical neurodegeneration and related cognitive decline in individuals with DS. Select key DEGs were interrogated as potential hub genes driving dysregulation, namely the triplicated DEGs amyloid precursor protein (APP) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), along with key signaling DEGs including mitogen activated protein kinase 1 and 3 (MAPK1, MAPK3) and calcium calmodulin dependent protein kinase II alpha (CAMK2A), among others. Hub DEGs determined from multiple pathway analyses identified potential therapeutic candidates for amelioration of cortical neuron dysfunction and cognitive decline in DS with translational relevance to AD.



中文翻译:


微分离额叶皮层兴奋性 III 层和 V 锥体神经元的分析揭示了唐氏综合征个体的神经退行性表型



我们阐明了唐氏综合症 (DS) 个体选定皮层内脆弱兴奋性神经元的分子指纹,以理解机制和治疗潜力,这也为阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 病理生理学提供信息。从死后人类 DS 和年龄性别匹配对照 (CTR) 中微分离额叶皮层 (BA9) 第 III 层 (L3) 和第 V 层 (L5) 锥体神经元,以询问差异表达基因 (DEG) 和与神经退行性程序相关的关键生物途径。我们确定了 > 2300 个 DEGs,在 DS 与 CTR 受试者的个体中,L3 和 L5 锥体神经元的基因表达都表现出收敛失调。DEGs 在 L3 和 L5 神经元中包括 100 多个三重的人类 21 号染色体基因,在两个椎板中都显示出三体神经元核型。此外,还鉴定了数千个其他 DEGs,表明基因失调不仅限于老年 DS 大脑中的三体基因,我们假设这与 AD 病理生物学有关。收敛的 L3 和 L5 DEGs 突出了相关的生物途径,并确定了可能导致 DS 个体皮质神经变性和相关认知能力下降的关键途径相关靶点。选择关键 DEGs 被询问为驱动失调的潜在枢纽基因,即一式三份的 DEGs 淀粉样蛋白前体蛋白 (APP) 和超氧化物歧化酶 1 (SOD1),以及关键信号转导 DEGs,包括丝裂原活化蛋白激酶 1 和 3 (MAPK1、MAPK3) 和钙钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶 II α (CAMK2A) 等。 从多个途径分析中确定的 Hub DEGs 确定了改善 DS 皮层神经元功能障碍和认知能力下降的潜在治疗候选者,与 AD 具有翻译相关性。

更新日期:2024-08-06
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