This paper investigates the impact of heat waves on the productivity of the Italian food industry. Using daily weather and firm‐level data for the 2004–2019 period, we show that a heat wave causes, on average, a reduction in Total Factor Productivity (TFP) of about 3.2%. Smaller firms are more severely affected, with a reduction of approximately 7%, revealing unequal impacts within the same country and sector. The reduction in TFP can be partially attributed to lower workers' productivity, with labour input increased in order to compensate for productivity loss. The estimated effect is heterogeneous across subsectors, with some well‐known Italian products (e.g., wine production) more severely affected by heat waves. These findings have significant policy implications due to the expected increase in the frequency of heat waves caused by climate change, and are particularly important in the case of the Italian food industry, which is mainly composed of small firms. The paper highlights the need to investigate further the impacts of heat stress on the entire food system, as most of the literature has predominantly focused on the agricultural sector.

中文翻译：

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热浪对食品工业生产力的影响：来自意大利的企业层面证据


本文研究了热浪对意大利食品工业生产力的影响。利用 2004 年至 2019 年期间的每日天气和企业层面数据，我们发现热浪平均导致全要素生产率 (TFP) 下降约 3.2%。规模较小的企业受到的影响更为严重，减少了约 7%，这表明同一国家和行业内的影响不同。全要素生产率的下降部分归因于工人生产率的下降，劳动力投入增加是为了补偿生产率的损失。各个子行业的估计影响各不相同，一些著名的意大利产品（例如葡萄酒生产）受热浪的影响更为严重。由于气候变化导致热浪频率预计会增加，这些发现具有重大的政策意义，对于主要由小企业组成的意大利食品工业来说尤其重要。该论文强调需要进一步研究热应激对整个粮食系统的影响，因为大多数文献主要集中在农业部门。