Iris Murdoch offers a distinctive conception of moral psychology. She suggests that to develop a moral psychology is to develop what she calls a soul-picture; different philosophical moral psychologies are, as she puts it, ‘rival soul-pictures’. In this paper, I clarify Murdoch's generic notion of ‘soul-picture’, the genus of which, for example, Aristotle's, Kant's, Nietzsche's, and Murdoch's constitute rival species. Are all philosophical moral psychologies soul-pictures? If not, what are the criteria that a moral psychology must meet in order to qualify as a soul-picture? I propose five key dimensions. A soul-picture provides a picture of the soul or self, that is (1) holistic, (2) value-rich and psychologically realistic (for Murdoch these are intertwined), (3) reflexive, (4) therapeutic, and (5) the articulation of which makes use of imaginative language.

中文翻译：

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作为灵魂图景的道德心理学


艾里斯·默多克提出了一种独特的道德心理学概念。她认为，发展道德心理学就是发展她所说的灵魂图景。正如她所说，不同的哲学道德心理学是“相互竞争的灵魂图景”。在本文中，我澄清了默多克的“灵魂图画”的一般概念，例如亚里士多德、康德、尼采和默多克的“灵魂图画”属构成了竞争物种。所有哲学道德心理学都是灵魂图画吗？如果不是，道德心理学必须满足什么标准才能成为灵魂图景？我提出了五个关键维度。灵魂图景提供了灵魂或自我的图景，即（1）整体性，（2）价值丰富且心理现实（对于默多克来说，这些是交织在一起的），（3）反射性，（4）治疗性，以及（5） ）其表达使用了富有想象力的语言。