Background In adults and children with intellectual disability (ID), sleep -disordered breathing (SDB) is thought to be common. However, large epidemiological studies are lacking, and there are few studies on optimal methods of investigation and even fewer randomised, controlled intervention trials of treatment. Method Peer-reviewed publications from various databases were examined in line with search terms relevant to ID and SDB spanning the years 200-2024. Results Findings suggest that, due to comorbid conditions, children and adults with ID may experience both an increased risk of SDB, as well as lower frequency of diagnosis. SDB can compromise the emotional, physical and mental health of individuals with ID. Appropriate treatment when tolerated leads to an improvement in health and well-being and several studies emphasized the importance of consistent follow-up of people with ID - something that is not universally occurring during childhood, in the transition to adulthood and during adulthood itself. As the most frequently occurring form of ID worldwide, we use Down syndrome as a specific example of how diagnosing and treating SDB can lead to improved outcomes. Conclusions This review highlights the importance of identifying SDB in this heterogenous population, recognising the multi-faceted, deleterious consequences of untreated SDB in people with ID, and presents some strategies that can be harnessed to improve diagnosis and management. Until further ID-specific research is available, we urge flexibility in the approach to people with ID and SDB based in guidelines and standard practice developed for the typically developing population.

中文翻译：

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智力障碍儿童和成人的睡眠呼吸障碍：注意差距！


背景 在患有智力障碍 （ID） 的成人和儿童中，睡眠呼吸障碍 （SDB） 被认为很常见。然而，缺乏大型流行病学研究，关于最佳调查方法的研究很少，随机、对照的治疗干预试验更少。方法 根据 200-2024 年与 ID 和 SDB 相关的搜索词检查来自各种数据库的同行评审出版物。结果 结果表明，由于合并症，患有 ID 的儿童和成人可能同时经历 SDB 风险增加，以及诊断频率降低。SDB 会损害 ID 患者的情绪、身体和心理健康。在耐受的情况下进行适当的治疗可以改善健康和福祉，一些研究强调了对 ID 患者进行持续随访的重要性——这种情况在儿童期、向成年期的过渡期和成年期本身并不普遍发生。作为全球最常见的 ID 形式，我们以唐氏综合症为例，说明诊断和治疗 SDB 如何改善预后。结论 本综述强调了在这一异质性人群中识别 SDB 的重要性，认识到未经治疗的 SDB 对 ID 患者造成的多方面、有害后果，并提出了一些可用于改善诊断和管理的策略。在进一步的 ID 特异性研究可用之前，我们敦促根据为典型发展人群制定的指南和标准实践，对 ID 和 SDB 患者采取灵活的方法。