The Felbertal tungsten deposit is the only economic scheelite mine in Europe, yet its genesis is not fully understood. It has been argued recently that the formation of the deposit is most likely related to granitic intrusions of Variscan age, contrasting a previously suggested syn-depositional stratabound origin of Early Cambrian age. Solving this controversy remains challenging due to the polymetamorphic evolution of the deposit, which experienced both Variscan and Alpine metamorphism. In this contribution we present a comprehensive new data set of scheelite major, minor, and trace element concentrations from multiple scheelite generations of the Felbertal deposit along with microstructural observations. Our results show that Mo, Mo/Mn, REE, Y/Ho, Nb, and Nb/Ta in scheelite are variable within the different scheelite generations and are predominantly controlled by the host-rock lithologies on the local scale, whereas in general the data show a strong response to the shift of P, T, and pH upon changing magmatic-hydrothermal to metamorphic conditions. For the first time, we identify remnants of primary scheelite in the Western Ore Zone. The presented data support a magmatic-hydrothermal origin of the first scheelite mineralization during the Variscan orogeny with primary scheelite being characterized by wing-shaped REE patterns with a negative Eu-anomaly, high trace element concentrations, non-chondritic Y/Ho, and high Nb/Ta. Primary scheelite underwent metamorphic/hydrothermal alteration (recrystallization and dissolution-reprecipitation processes) during the Variscan and Alpine orogeny. This case study highlights that indicative mineralization-controlling geochemical ratios like Sr/Mn cannot be applied for polymetamorphic tungsten deposits like Felbertal.

Felbertal 钨矿床是欧洲唯一的经济白钨矿矿，但其成因尚不完全清楚。最近有人认为，矿床的形成很可能与瓦里斯纪时代的花岗岩侵入有关，这与之前提出的早寒武纪同沉积层控起源形成鲜明对比。由于矿床经历了瓦里斯坎和阿尔卑斯变质作用的多变质演化，解决这一争议仍然具有挑战性。在这篇文章中，我们提出了来自 Felbertal 矿床的多代白钨矿的白钨矿主要元素、次要元素和微量元素浓度的全面新数据集以及微观结构观察。我们的研究结果表明，白钨矿中的 Mo、Mo/Mn、REE、Y/Ho、Nb 和 Nb/Ta 在不同的白钨矿代中是可变的，并且主要受局部尺度上的围岩岩性控制，而一般来说数据显示，当岩浆-热液转变为变质条件时，P、T 和 pH 值的变化会产生强烈的响应。我们首次在西部矿区发现了原生白钨矿的残余物。所提供的数据支持瓦里斯造山运动期间第一个白钨矿化的岩浆-热液成因，其中原生白钨矿的特征是具有负 Eu 异常、高微量元素浓度、非球粒状 Y/Ho 和高的翼形 REE 模式。铌/钽。原生白钨矿在瓦里斯坎和阿尔卑斯造山运动期间经历了变质/热液蚀变（再结晶和溶解-再沉淀过程）。本案例研究强调，指示性矿化控制地球化学比率（如 Sr/Mn）不能应用于 Felbertal 等多变质钨矿床。