<br>细胞外囊泡对视网膜疾病发病机制的贡献：揭示血-视网膜屏障功能障碍,Journal of Biomedical Science

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细胞外囊泡对视网膜疾病发病机制的贡献：揭示血-视网膜屏障功能障碍
Journal of Biomedical Science ( IF 9.0 ) Pub Date : 2024-05-10 , DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01036-3
Beatriz Martins _{1,

2,

3} , Maria Pires _{1,

2,

3} , António Francisco Ambrósio _{1,

3,

4,

5} , Henrique Girão _{1,

3,

4} , Rosa Fernandes _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5}

Affiliation

视网膜退行性疾病，包括糖尿病视网膜病变 (DR) 和年龄相关性黄斑变性 (AMD)，对视力构成威胁，对视网膜的结构和功能造成有害影响。了解这些疾病的核心是血视网膜屏障（BRB）的受损状态，这是调节免疫和炎症成分流入的有效屏障。 BRB 分解是否引发视网膜窘迫，或者是疾病进展的结果，仍然是个谜。然而，它表明视网膜功能障碍和潜在的视力丧失。在炎症和氧化应激的条件下，在复杂的视网膜环境中，视网膜细胞群之间复杂的细胞间对话仍然难以理解。视网膜是一种特殊的神经组织，维持着两个血管网络对氧气和营养物质的不断需求。 BRB 协调这个特殊区域内的分子和流体的交换，包括内部 BRB (iBRB) 和外部 BRB (oBRB)。细胞外囊泡 (EV) 是一种小型膜结构，在该环境中充当促进细胞间通讯的信使。来自视网膜和外周免疫细胞的 EV 增加了 DR 和 AMD 中 BRB 功能障碍的复杂性。这些电动汽车富含生物活性物质，可以调节视网膜微环境，影响疾病进展。我们的综述深入研究了 EV 在视网膜退行性疾病中的多方面作用，阐明了它们协调的分子串扰及其 microRNA (miRNA) 含量。通过阐明这些纳米级信使，从它们的生物发生、释放到靶细胞的相互作用和摄取，我们的目标是加深对 BRB 功能障碍的理解并探索它们的治疗潜力，从而增进我们对 DR 和 AMD 病理生理学的理解。

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Contribution of extracellular vesicles for the pathogenesis of retinal diseases: shedding light on blood-retinal barrier dysfunction

Retinal degenerative diseases, including diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), loom as threats to vision, causing detrimental effects on the structure and function of the retina. Central to understanding these diseases, is the compromised state of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB), an effective barrier that regulates the influx of immune and inflammatory components. Whether BRB breakdown initiates retinal distress, or is a consequence of disease progression, remains enigmatic. Nevertheless, it is an indication of retinal dysfunction and potential vision loss. The intricate intercellular dialogues among retinal cell populations remain unintelligible in the complex retinal milieu, under conditions of inflammation and oxidative stress. The retina, a specialized neural tissue, sustains a ceaseless demand for oxygen and nutrients from two vascular networks. The BRB orchestrates the exchange of molecules and fluids within this specialized region, comprising the inner BRB (iBRB) and the outer BRB (oBRB). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membranous structures, and act as messengers facilitating intercellular communication in this milieu. EVs, both from retinal and peripheral immune cells, increase complexity to BRB dysfunction in DR and AMD. Laden with bioactive cargoes, these EVs can modulate the retinal microenvironment, influencing disease progression. Our review delves into the multifaceted role of EVs in retinal degenerative diseases, elucidating the molecular crosstalk they orchestrate, and their microRNA (miRNA) content. By shedding light on these nanoscale messengers, from their biogenesis, release, to interaction and uptake by target cells, we aim to deepen the comprehension of BRB dysfunction and explore their therapeutic potential, therefore increasing our understanding of DR and AMD pathophysiology.

更新日期：2024-05-10

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