Limited studies have examined demographic differences in children’s vocabulary in longitudinal samples, while there are questions regarding the duration, direction, and magnitude of these effects across development. In this longitudinal study, we included over 400 Dutch children. Caregivers filled out N-CDIs when children were 9–11 months (measuring word comprehension, word production, and gestures) and around 2–5 years of age (measuring word production). At 2–5 years, we also administered a receptive vocabulary task in the lab. We examined demographic effects on vocabulary size across infancy and toddlerhood. We found a disadvantage for males in infants’ gestures and toddlers’ vocabulary production. We found a negative effect of maternal education on infants’ caregiver-reported vocabulary, but a positive effect on toddlers’ lab-administered receptive vocabulary. Lastly, we found a negative effect of multilingualism – but only for the lab-administered task. Examining predictors in large, longitudinal samples ensures their robustness and generalisability across development.

中文翻译：

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检查荷兰儿童在婴儿期和幼儿期的词汇量：人口统计影响是特定于年龄和特定任务的


有限的研究以纵向样本检验了儿童词汇量的人口统计学差异，但这些影响在整个发展过程中的持续时间、方向和程度仍存在疑问。在这项纵向研究中，我们纳入了 400 多名荷兰儿童。当孩子 9-11 个月大（测量单词理解力、单词生成和手势）和 2-5 岁左右（测量单词生成）时，看护者填写了 N-CDI。 2-5 岁时，我们还在实验室进行了接受性词汇任务。我们研究了人口统计对婴儿期和幼儿期词汇量的影响。我们发现男性在婴儿的手势和幼儿的词汇产生方面处于劣势。我们发现母亲教育对婴儿的照顾者报告的词汇量有负面影响，但对幼儿的实验室管理的接受词汇量有积极的影响。最后，我们发现多语言的负面影响——但仅限于实验室管理的任务。检查大型纵向样本中的预测变量可确保其在整个开发过程中的稳健性和普遍性。