Background Cataract, glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are major causes of visual impairment. As these are age-related conditions, the prevalence of associated visual impairment is anticipated to increase as the population ages. However, age–period–cohort effects on the disease burden have not been investigated. Methods This was a population-based study using aggregated data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Age–period–cohort analysis was conducted using age-standardised prevalence rates (ASPRs) of visual impairment caused by cataract, glaucoma and AMD as disease burden indicator. Results In 2019, the estimated global ASPRs of visual impairment due to cataract, glaucoma and AMD were 1207.9, 94.7 and 96.8 per 100 000 people, respectively. Between 1990 and 2019, the global visual impairment ASPRs for glaucoma and AMD declined by 15.4% and 2.0%, respectively, whereas that for cataract increased by 5.0%. Wide heterogeneity was observed in age–period–cohort effects on ASPRs across different Sociodemographic Index (SDI) regions. Low-middle SDI regions had the largest ASPR reductions for all three eye diseases and showed improvement in both period and cohort effects. In contrast, in high-middle SDI regions, visual impairment ASPRs significantly increased during the study period with unfavourable patterns. Conclusions The wide heterogeneity in age–period–cohort effects reflects different stages of societal transition and vision health. The unfavourable trends in age–period–cohort effects on disease prevalence identified in specific groups provide key information that may be used to identify priority groups in need of treatment and prevention. Data are available in a public, open access repository. The data that support the findings of this study are publicly available from the GBD 2019 study at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation website ().

中文翻译：

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根据主要原因对全球视力障碍负担进行年龄-时期-队列分析：2019 年全球疾病负担研究分析


背景 白内障、青光眼和年龄相关性黄斑变性 （AMD） 是视力障碍的主要原因。由于这些是与年龄相关的疾病，因此预计随着人口老龄化，相关视力障碍的患病率将增加。然而，年龄-时期-队列对疾病负担的影响尚未得到调查。方法 这是一项基于人群的研究，使用了 2019 年全球疾病负担研究的汇总数据。使用白内障、青光眼和 AMD 引起的视力障碍的年龄标准化患病率 （ASPR） 作为疾病负担指标进行年龄-时期-队列分析。结果 2019 年，白内障、青光眼和 AMD 导致的视力障碍的全球估计 ASPR 分别为 1207.9/100 000 人、94.7 和 96.8/100 000 人。1990 年至 2019 年期间，青光眼和 AMD 的全球视力障碍 ASPR 分别下降了 15.4% 和 2.0%，而白内障的视力障碍 ASPR 增加了 5.0%。在不同社会人口学指数 （SDI） 区域对 ASPR 的年龄-时期-队列效应中观察到广泛的异质性。对于所有三种眼病，中低 SDI 区域的 ASPR 降低幅度最大，并且在时期和队列效应方面均表现出改善。相比之下，在中高 SDI 区域，视力障碍 ASPR 在研究期间显着增加，模式不利。结论 年龄-时期-队列效应的广泛异质性反映了社会转型和视力健康的不同阶段。在特定群体中确定的年龄-时期-队列效应对疾病患病率的不利趋势提供了可用于确定需要治疗和预防的优先群体的关键信息。数据在公共、开放访问存储库中可用。 支持本研究结果的数据可从健康指标与评估研究所网站 （） 上的 GBD 2019 研究中公开获得。