Tourist incivility exacerbates tension with locals, jeopardizes tourism sustainability, and tarnishes destination image, prompting investigations into its causes. Leveraging relative deprivation theory, this study examined how two types of relative deprivation influence tourist incivility via a pretest and three scenario-based experiments. Experiments 1a and 1b indicated that relative deprivation increased uncivil behavioral intentions, with economic relative deprivation being more influential than social relative deprivation. Experiment 2 revealed the mediating roles of the psychological needs for self-protection and self-compensation. This study extended relative deprivation theory in the tourism context by focusing on two distinct components. Tourism stakeholders may mitigate uncivil behavior by aligning their offerings with tourists' expenditures and cater to their psychological and emotional needs with adequately equal respect and courtesy. Tourism providers may also offer avenues for tourists to release negative emotions and reverse their defensive motives, reducing the likelihood of incivility during service failures or conflicts.

中文翻译：

---

无礼行为：游客如何应对相对剥夺


游客的不文明行为加剧了与当地人的紧张关系，危害了旅游业的可持续性，并损害了目的地形象，促使人们对其原因进行调查。本研究利用相对剥夺理论，通过预测试和三个基于场景的实验研究了两种类型的相对剥夺如何影响游客不文明行为。实验1a和1b表明，相对剥夺增加了不文明行为意图，经济相对剥夺比社会相对剥夺影响更大。实验2揭示了自我保护和自我补偿的心理需求的中介作用。本研究通过关注两个不同的组成部分，将相对剥夺理论扩展到旅游背景下。旅游利益相关者可以通过将他们的产品与游客的支出相结合来减少不文明行为，并以充分平等的尊重和礼貌来满足他们的心理和情感需求。旅游提供商还可以为游客提供释放负面情绪并扭转其防御动机的途径，从而减少在服务失败或冲突期间发生不文明行为的可能性。