The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among the political leanings of a state, the state-level implicit and explicit biases against transgender people, and the presence of transgender athlete bans. The authors collected archival data from 2021 and 2022 bans in the United States to examine the hypotheses. As of 2022, 18 states had passed laws barring transgender athletes from participating in sports. Results from regression analyses showed that conservative-leaning states were more likely to enact transgender athlete bans than their peers. The relationship was mediated by explicit (but not implicit) bias toward transgender people. The findings have implications for research and practice. Sport managers have an opportunity to create transgender-inclusive workplaces for staff, coaches, and other managers. They should also work with campus counselors and other staff to ensure that transgender athletes have ample support.

本研究的目的是探讨一个国家的政治倾向、国家层面对跨性别者隐性和显性的偏见以及跨性别运动员禁令之间的关系。作者收集了 2021 年和 2022 年美国禁令的档案数据来检验这些假设。截至 2022 年，已有 18 个州通过了禁止跨性别运动员参加体育运动的法律。回归分析的结果显示，倾向保守的州比其他州更有可能颁布跨性别运动员禁令。这种关系是通过对跨性别者的明确（但不是隐含）偏见来调节的。研究结果对研究和实践都有影响。体育管理者有机会为员工、教练和其他管理者创造包容跨性别者的工作场所。他们还应该与校园辅导员和其他工作人员合作，确保变性运动员得到充分的支持。