Demonstratives are cross-linguistically widespread deictic expressions. Demonstrative systems exhibit variation in number of terms, and parameters affecting their usage. The present paper assesses the relationship between spatial deixis and bilingualism: how language dominance affects speakers of two languages with different demonstrative systems. Here, we compare the use of demonstratives by 72 European Spanish-Catalan simultaneous bilinguals in Mallorca to 30 European Spanish monolinguals. Our results confirmed a significant effect of physical distance between speaker and referent on demonstrative choice in both languages, and differences between languages in the use of the middle term. We did not find the expected effect of language dominance in simultaneous bilinguals. Moreover, we found no influence of the hearer's position on demonstrative choice in monolinguals or bilinguals in European Spanish or Majorcan Catalan. In view of our results, the present study contributes to the debate on how bilingual speakers employ different deictic expressions.

中文翻译：

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西班牙语-加泰罗尼亚语同步双语者的指示语：他们更喜欢哪种系统？

指示词是跨语言广泛传播的指示表达。示范系统在术语数量和影响其使用的参数方面表现出变化。本文评估了空间指示和双语之间的关系：语言优势如何影响具有不同指示系统的两种语言的使用者。在这里，我们比较了马略卡岛 72 名欧洲西班牙语-加泰罗尼亚语同步双语者与 30 名欧洲西班牙语单语者的指示语使用情况。我们的结果证实了说话者和所指对象之间的物理距离对两种语言的指示选择以及语言之间在中间词的使用方面的差异有显着影响。我们没有发现语言优势对同时双语者的预期效果。此外，我们发现在欧洲西班牙语或马略卡加泰罗尼亚语中，听话者的位置对单语或双语者的指示选择没有影响。鉴于我们的结果，本研究有助于关于双语使用者如何使用不同指示表达的争论。