Previous research has variably indicated the role of working memory in error detection by which working memory played a role in rhythmic error detection but not melodic error detection. Here, we devised a longer melodic error detection task for college musicians in an auditory, rather than visual, condition using classical excerpts, which we compared to briefer visual and auditory control conditions. These tests were compared to performance on a test of verbal working memory (forward digit span test) and an experimenter-created tonal working memory test. The tonal working memory test was positively related to the forward digit span test, the melodic error detection, and the visual control but not to the auditory control. Performance on the error detection test was not significantly related to year in school, level of aural skills class, years of private piano, or level of group piano class. Our participants performed similarly on the aurally presented melodic error detection of classical excerpts and the briefer visual control but not on the briefer aural control. Among other variables, years of experience on a second instrument was a significant predictor of error detection skill. High familiarity ratings with a classical excerpt did not yield a relationship to error detection performance.

中文翻译：

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记忆和呈现模式对旋律错误检测的影响

先前的研究不同程度地表明了工作记忆在错误检测中的作用，工作记忆在节奏错误检测中发挥作用，但在旋律错误检测中不起作用。在这里，我们使用经典摘录为大学音乐家在听觉而非视觉条件下设计了一个较长的旋律错误检测任务，我们将其与较短的视觉和听觉控制条件进行了比较。将这些测试与言语工作记忆测试（正向数字跨度测试）和实验者创建的音调工作记忆测试的表现进行比较。音调工作记忆测试与前向数字跨度测试、旋律错误检测和视觉控制呈正相关，但与听觉控制无关。错误检测测试的表现与就学年份、听力技能课程水平、私人钢琴学习年限或团体钢琴课程水平没有显着相关。我们的参与者在经典摘录的听觉呈现的旋律错误检测和更简短的视觉控制上表现相似，但在更简短的听觉控制上表现不佳。除其他变量外，使用第二台仪器的多年经验是错误检测技能的重要预测因素。对经典摘录的高熟悉度与错误检测性能没有关系。