Aim:To summarize the existing literature surrounding the influence of natural elements on course in hospital and to introduce clinicians to the concept of biophilic design and the potential for incorporation of nature into the hospital environment as a component of a therapeutic hospitalization.Background:For decades, architects and designers have espoused the benefits of incorporating natural elements into the healthcare environment for therapeutic purposes. The benefits of this “biophilic” design philosophy has been investigated predominantly in long-term care or rehabilitation settings; however, some of the most appealing opportunities lie in the acute care setting.Methods:This scoping review surveyed the literature surrounding the influence of exposure to nature on course in acute hospitalizations. After screening 12,979 citations, 41 articles were included. Exposures were divided into seven categories, the most common of which were the presence of a window/natural light, a natural scene through a window, and nature soundscapes. These articles were reviewed in a narrative fashion and thematic analysis was conducted.Results:Studies were extremely heterogeneous in their design, research questions, and reported outcomes. Types of exposure to nature studied were exposure to a real natural scene through a window, presence of a window/nature light, nature in the healthcare environment, art depicting nature, direct contact with nature, nature soundscapes, and nature experienced through virtual reality (VR).Conclusions:Exposure to nature during an acute hospital admission appears to have a real but small therapeutic effect, predominantly on psychological metrics like anxiety/depression, pain, and patient satisfaction. Greater beneficial effects are seen with greater durations of exposure to nature and greater degrees of immersion into nature (e.g., creating multisensory experiences using emerging technology like VR).

中文翻译：

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接触大自然对住院时间的影响：范围界定审查


目的：总结有关自然元素对医院病程影响的现有文献，并向临床医生介绍亲自然设计的概念以及将自然融入医院环境作为住院治疗的组成部分的潜力。背景：几十年来建筑师和设计师都拥护将自然元素融入医疗环境以达到治疗目的的好处。这种“亲自然”设计理念的好处主要在长期护理或康复环境中进行了研究；然而，一些最有吸引力的机会存在于急症护理环境中。方法：本次范围界定综述调查了有关暴露于自然对急性住院治疗过程的影响的文献。经过筛选 12,979 次引用后，纳入了 41 篇文章。曝光分为七类，其中最常见的是窗户/自然光、透过窗户的自然场景和自然音景。这些文章以叙述的方式进行了回顾，并进行了主题分析。结果：研究在设计、研究问题和报告的结果方面极为不同。研究的接触自然的类型包括通过窗户接触真实的自然场景、窗户/自然光的存在、医疗环境中的自然、描绘自然的艺术、与自然的直接接触、自然音景以及通过虚拟现实体验的自然（ VR）。结论：急性入院期间接触大自然似乎确实有一定的治疗效果，但效果很小，主要是针对焦虑/抑郁、疼痛和患者满意度等心理指标。 接触自然的时间越长，沉浸在自然中的程度越高（例如，使用 VR 等新兴技术创造多感官体验），就会产生更大的有益效果。