To acquire language, learners have to map the language onto the environment, but languages vary as to how much information they include to constrain how a sentence relates to the world. We investigated the conditions under which information within the language and the environment is combined for learning. In a cross‐situational artificial language learning study, participants listened to transitive sentences and viewed two scenes, and selected which scene was described by the sentence. There were three conditions, involving different language variants. All variants had free word order but varied as to whether or not they contained morphosyntactic information that defined the subject and object roles of nouns in the sentence. We found that participants were able to learn information about word order and vocabulary from each variant, demonstrating that learners are not reliant on information within a language only, but can combine constraints from language and environment to support acquisition. Data and analyses are available at: https://osf.io/hxqzc/?view_only=ea6ba6fff6bb468e8de2e8596f029dca

中文翻译：

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语言和环境中的冗余和互补：如何结合多式联运信息来限制学习

为了获得语言，学习者必须将语言映射到环境中，但是语言在包含多少信息来限制句子与世界的关系方面有所不同。我们研究了将语言和环境中的信息结合起来进行学习的条件。在一项跨情境人工语言学习研究中，参与者听及物句子并观看两个场景，并选择该句子描述的场景。存在三种情况，涉及不同的语言变体。所有变体都有自由词序，但在是否包含定义句子中名词的主语和宾语角色的形态句法信息方面有所不同。我们发现参与者能够从每个变体中学习有关词序和词汇的信息，这表明学习者不仅仅依赖于语言内的信息，而是可以结合语言和环境的约束来支持习得。数据和分析可在以下网址获取：https://osf.io/hxqzc/?view_only=ea6ba6fff6bb468e8de2e8596f029dca