We investigate the potential dynamics in the effect of retirement, on food-at-home purchases and dietary quality in Denmark. We combine Home-scan data with nutritional information and administrative data on retirement, income and health status. The panel contains 497 retiring and 1,471 control households. We estimate the effect of retirement up to 10 years after the date of retirement by using Fixed Effects with health and wealth proxies, as well as Fixed Effects IV with the ages eligible for retirement as instruments to control for the potential endogeneity of retirement. Based on the Fixed effects results we find that overall dietary quality increase slightly at retirement, but find only minor and mostly insignificant changes in the individual components of the diet. The effects are found to be of the same magnitude, but insignificant in the FE-IV estimation. Hence, there seem to be a small increase in dietary health upon retirement in Denmark. The results for food expenditure and energy consumption are ambiguous. Based on the FE with proxy variables we find indications of long-run adjustments in food expenditures, while energy consumption is immediately affected by retirement, but has no further adjustment. Both effects are insignificant in the FE-IV estimation. The very small changes observed, suggest that dietary behaviour might be governed by habitual behaviour and might also be due to the high income replacement rate at retirement in Denmark.

中文翻译：

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退休对食品购买的（动态）影响

我们调查了丹麦退休、家庭食品购买和饮食质量影响的潜在动态。我们将家庭扫描数据与营养信息以及有关退休、收入和健康状况的管理数据相结合。该小组包含 497 个退休家庭和 1,471 个控制家庭。我们使用健康和财富代理的固定效应以及符合退休年龄的固定效应 IV 作为控制退休潜在内生性的工具，估计退休后 10 年内退休的影响。根据固定效应结果，我们发现退休时整体饮食质量略有提高，但发现饮食的各个组成部分仅发生微小且大多不显着的变化。发现这些影响具有相同的幅度，但在 FE-IV 估计中并不显着。因此，丹麦退休后的饮食健康状况似乎略有改善。食品支出和能源消耗的结果不明确。根据具有代理变量的有限元，我们发现食品支出存在长期调整的迹象，而能源消耗立即受到退休的影响，但没有进一步调整。这两种影响在 FE-IV 估计中都不显着。观察到的非常小的变化表明，饮食行为可能受到习惯行为的控制，也可能是由于丹麦退休时的高收入替代率。