Emotional experiences are often dulled in one's second language. We tested whether emotion concepts are more strongly associated with first language (L1) than second language (L2) emotion words. Participants (140 L1-Swedish–L2-English bilinguals) saw a facial expression of an emotion (cue) followed by a target, which could either be another facial expression, an L1 emotion word, or an L2 emotion word. Participants indicated whether the cue and target represented the same or different emotions as fast as possible. Participants were faster and more accurate in both the L1 and L2 word conditions compared to the face condition. However, no significant differences emerged between the L1 and L2 word conditions, suggesting that emotion concepts are not more strongly associated with L1 than L2 emotion words. These results replicate prior research showing that L1 emotion words speed facial emotion perception and provide initial evidence that words (not only first language words) shape emotion perception.

中文翻译：

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第一语言和第二语言情感词如何影响瑞典语-英语双语者的情感感知

一个人的第二语言的情感体验常常变得迟钝。我们测试了情感概念与第一语言 (L1) 的相关性是否比第二语言 (L2) 情感词的相关性更强。参与者（140 名 L1-瑞典语 - L2-英语双语者）看到一种情绪（提示）的面部表情，然后是一个目标，该目标可以是另一个面部表情、L1 情绪词或 L2 情绪词。参与者尽快指出提示和目标是否代表相同或不同的情绪。与面部条件相比，参与者在 L1 和 L2 单词条件下的速度更快、更准确。然而，L1 和 L2 单词条件之间没有出现显着差异，这表明情感概念与 L1 的相关性并不比 L2 情感词的相关性更强。这些结果重复了先前的研究，表明母语情感词加速了面部情感感知，并提供了词（不仅仅是第一语言词）塑造情感感知的初步证据。