Sciatica characterized by irritation, inflammation, and compression of the lower back nerve, is considered one of the most common back ailments globally. Currently, the therapeutic regimens for sciatica are experiencing a paradigm shift from the conventional pharmacological approach toward exploring potent phytochemicals from medicinal plants. There is a dire need to identify novel phytochemicals with anti-neuropathic potential. This review aimed to identify the potent phytochemicals from diverse medicinal plants capable of alleviating neuropathic pain associated with sciatica. This review describes the pathophysiology of sciatic nerve pain, its cellular mechanisms, and the pharmacological potential of various plants and phytochemicals using animal-based models of sciatic nerve injury-induced pain. Extensive searches across databases such as Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were conducted. The findings highlights 39 families including Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Apocyanaceae and Cucurbitaceae, effectively treating sciatic nerve injury-induced pain. Flavonoids made up 53% constituents, phenols and terpenoids made up 15%, alkaloids made up 13%, and glycosides made up 6% to be used in neuorpathic pain. Phytochemicals derived from various medicinal plants can serve as potential therapeutic targets for both acute and chronic sciatic injury-induced neuropathic pain.

坐骨神经痛的特征是刺激、炎症和下背部神经受压，被认为是全球最常见的背部疾病之一。目前，坐骨神经痛的治疗方案正在经历从传统药理学方法到探索药用植物中有效的植物化学物质的范式转变。迫切需要鉴定具有抗神经病变潜力的新型植物化学物质。本综述旨在从多种药用植物中鉴定出能够减轻与坐骨神经痛相关的神经性疼痛的有效植物化学物质。这篇综述描述了坐骨神经疼痛的病理生理学、其细胞机制，以及使用基于坐骨神经损伤引起的疼痛的动物模型的各种植物和植物化学物质的药理学潜力。我们对 Medline、PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus、ScienceDirect 和 Google Scholar 等数据库进行了广泛的检索。研究结果重点介绍了唇形科、菊科、豆科、夹竹桃科和葫芦科等 39 个科，可有效治疗坐骨神经损伤引起的疼痛。成分中黄酮类占53%，酚类和萜类占15%，生物碱类占13%，苷类占6%，用于神经病理性疼痛。源自各种药用植物的植物化学物质可以作为急性和慢性坐骨神经损伤引起的神经性疼痛的潜在治疗靶点。