当前位置: X-MOL 学术J. Org. Chem. › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
The Role of Attractive Non-Covalent Interactions in Peptide Macrocyclization
The Journal of Organic Chemistry ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-01-13 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02084
Diego B Diaz 1 , Rozhin Rowshanpour 2 , George J Saunders 1 , Travis Dudding 2 , Andrei K Yudin 1
Affiliation  

The efficiency of macrocyclization reactions relies on the appropriate conformational preorganization of a linear precursor, ensuring that reactive ends are in spatial proximity prior to ring closure. Traditional peptide cyclization approaches that reduce the extent of terminal ion pairing often disfavor cyclization-conducive conformations and can lead to undesired cyclodimerization or oligomerization side reactions, particularly when they are performed without high dilution. To address this challenge, synthetic strategies that leverage attractive noncovalent interactions, such as zwitterionic attraction between chain termini during macrocyclization, offer a potential solution by reducing the entropic penalty associated with linear peptides adopting precyclization conformations. In this study, we investigate the role of (N-isocyanoimino)triphenylphosphorane (Pinc) in facilitating the cyclization of linear peptides into conformationally rigid macrocycles. The observed moderate diastereoselectivity is consistent with the preferential Si-facial addition of Pinc, where the isocyanide adds to the E-iminium ion on the same face as the l-proline amide group. The resulting peptide chain reveals that the activated phosphonium ylide of Pinc brings the reactive ends close together, promoting cyclization by enclosing the carboxylate within the interior of the pentapeptide and preventing the formation of byproducts. For shorter peptides with modified peptide backbones, the cyclization mechanism and outcome are redirected, as nucleophilic motifs such as thiazole and imidazole can covalently trap nitrilium intermediates. The isolation of the intermediate in the unproductive macrocyclization pathway, along with nuclear magnetic resonance and density functional theory studies, provides insights into heterocycle-dependent selectivity. The Pinc-driven macrocyclization process has generated diverse collections of cyclic molecules, and our models offer a comprehensive understanding of observed trends, facilitating the development of other heterocycle-forming macrocyclization reactions.

中文翻译:


有吸引力的非共价相互作用在肽大环化中的作用



大环化反应的效率依赖于线性前体的适当构象预组织,确保反应末端在环闭合之前在空间上接近。减少末端离子配对程度的传统肽环化方法通常不利于环化传导构象,并且可能导致不期望的环二聚化或寡聚化副反应,特别是当它们在没有高度稀释的情况下进行时。为了应对这一挑战,利用有吸引力的非共价相互作用(例如大环化过程中链末端之间的两性离子吸引力)的合成策略通过减少与采用预环化构象的线性肽相关的熵损失提供了潜在的解决方案。在本研究中,我们研究了 ( N-异氰亚氨基)三苯基正膦 (Pinc) 在促进线性肽环化为构象刚性大环中的作用。观察到的中等非对映选择性与 Pinc 的优先Si面加成一致,其中异氰化物在与L-脯氨酸酰胺基团相同的面上加成到E-亚胺离子上。由此产生的肽链表明,Pinc 的活化磷叶立德使反应末端靠近在一起,通过将羧酸盐封闭在五肽内部来促进环化并防止副产物的形成。对于具有修饰肽主链的较短肽,环化机制和结果被重定向,因为噻唑和咪唑等亲核基序可以共价捕获硝基中间体。 非生产性大环化途径中中间体的分离,以及核磁共振和密度泛函理论研究,提供了对杂环依赖性选择性的见解。 Pinc 驱动的大环化过程产生了多种环状分子,我们的模型提供了对观察到的趋势的全面理解,促进了其他杂环形成大环化反应的发展。
更新日期:2024-01-13
down
wechat
bug