Purpose of Review

The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the functional role of large wood in the functioning of fluvial ecosystems, ranging from the scale of microhabitats to entire catchments. To this purpose, this review is structured according to the major ecosystem processes occurring at different spatial scales, ranging from the microhabitat scale, e.g. the internal processes of organic matter breakdown by microbes, to the catchment scale, e.g. the catchment-scale-processes of water flow, sediment transport, and nutrient fluxes.

Recent Findings

Recent research increasingly shows that dead wood drives a complex of multi-scaled processes. The role of large wood as a channel structuring entity and a driver of hydromorphological functioning is well known, but the importance of large wood at higher spatial scales has not been fully acknowledged. This encompasses the importance of large wood in enhancing multiple channel — floodplain interactions by creating a dynamic exchange of matter (water, sediments, nutrients) and energy. It also strengthens the water retention and storage capacity of rivers, attenuating floods and droughts and plays an important role in sediment, nutrient and organic matter interception, and processing. All these attributes contribute to ecosystem complexity and functioning, as well as providing valuable ecosystem services. Furthermore, large wood also acts as an important dispersal vector which, together with the multiple scale processes, promotes biodiversity.

Summary

Recognising the multiple scale spatial and temporal processes acting in, around, and induced by large wood can strongly support future fluvial management, especially regarding the re-introduction and way of installing of large wood in rivers. As large wood management is context-dependent, research should focus on catchment specific processes.

中文翻译：

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河流系统中大型木材的生态功能和管理

审查目的

本次综述的目的是概述大型木材在河流生态系统功能中的功能作用，范围从微生境规模到整个流域。为此，本综述根据不同空间尺度上发生的主要生态系统过程进行构建，范围从微生境尺度（例如微生物分解有机物的内部过程）到流域尺度（例如流域尺度过程）。水流、泥沙输送和养分通量。

最近的发现

最近的研究越来越多地表明，死木驱动着复杂的多尺度过程。大木材作为通道结构实体和水形态功能驱动因素的作用是众所周知的，但大木材在更高空间尺度上的重要性尚未得到充分认识。这涵盖了大木材通过创造物质（水、沉积物、养分）和能量的动态交换来增强多渠道-洪泛区相互作用的重要性。它还可以增强河流的保水和蓄水能力，减轻洪水和干旱，并在沉积物、养分和有机物拦截和处理方面发挥重要作用。所有这些属性都有助于生态系统的复杂性和功能，并提供有价值的生态系统服务。此外，大木材还充当重要的扩散载体，与多尺度过程一起促进生物多样性。

概括

认识到大型木材内部、周围以及由大型木材引起的多尺度空间和时间过程可以有力地支持未来的河流管理，特别是关于大型木材在河流中的重新引入和安装方式。由于大型木材管理取决于具体情况，因此研究应侧重于流域的特定过程。