In this study, starch-stabilized and Fe/Ni bimetal modified biochar composites of StFeNi-BC and StFeNi-BC-350 were successfully fabricated and applied in removing Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. The absorption of Pb(II) by StFeNi-BC and StFeNi-BC-350 were controlled by monolayer chemisorption and their maximum adsorption capacities were 122.767 and 148.043 mg/g, respectively. Mechanism studies showed that electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, complexation and physical adsorption occurred on the adsorbent surface. Studies on the influence of co-existing metal ions and water matrices on adsorption of Pb(II) demonstrated that StFeNi-BC-350 displayed high anti-interfering ability and promising application prospect for Pb(II) removal. In addition, StFeNi-BC-350 was applied in soil-wheat pot systems to further investigate its influence on reducing Pb induced oxidative stress on wheat. Compared with the control, the addition of StFeNi-BC-350 increased the biomass and total chlorophyll content in leaves, and decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes (MDA, SOD, CAT, POD) together with ROS fluorescence intensity of wheat. The results indicated that StFeNi-BC-350 could alleviate Pb(II) stress of wheat. Furthermore, the addition of StFeNi-BC-350 improved the physicochemical properties of the soil, and increased the abundance as well as the number of soil microorganisms, thereby alleviating Pb stress on wheat. Therefore, StFeNi-BC-350 is suitable for the practical treatment of Pb-contaminated water and soil.

在本研究中，成功​​制备了淀粉稳定的Fe/Ni双金属改性生物炭复合材料StFeNi-BC和StFeNi-BC-350，并将其应用于去除水溶液中的Pb(II)。 StFeNi-BC 和 StFeNi-BC-350 对 Pb(II) 的吸附受单层化学吸附控制，最大吸附容量分别为 122.767 和 148.043 mg/g。机理研究表明吸附剂表面发生静电吸引、离子交换、络合和物理吸附。共存金属离子和水基质对Pb(II)吸附影响的研究表明，StFeNi-BC-350具有较高的抗干扰能力，在去除Pb(II)方面具有良好的应用前景。此外，将StFeNi-BC-350应用于土壤-小麦盆栽系统，进一步研究其对减少Pb诱导的小麦氧化应激的影响。与对照相比，添加StFeNi-BC-350提高了小麦叶片生物量和总叶绿素含量，降低了小麦抗氧化酶（MDA、SOD、CAT、POD）活性和ROS荧光强度。结果表明，StFeNi-BC-350可以缓解小麦Pb(II)胁迫。此外，StFeNi-BC-350的添加改善了土壤的理化性质，增加了土壤微生物的丰度和数量，从而减轻了小麦的Pb胁迫。因此，StFeNi-BC-350适合实际处理Pb污染的水和土壤。