Subcortical structures implicated in language control and processing adapt structurally with increasing language experience. However, the adaptation patterns across different subcortical structures remain unclear. Previous findings from bilinguals and multilinguals reveal renormalisation patterns, lending support to the Dynamic Restructuring Model (Pliatsikas, 2020). These patterns are composed of increasing volumes during the initial stages of language learning, and subsequent reductions as experience increases. T1-weighted images from 14 English monolinguals, 14 bilinguals, 14 trilinguals, and 14 quadrilinguals were obtained. The volumes of five subcortical regions implicated in language control and processing were compared amongst the groups. The findings showed group differences for every structure – caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens, putamen, globus pallidus and thalamus. Complex patterns were unveiled for each structure, suggesting expansions and renormalisations that differ in trajectory for each group. These findings highlight the dynamic progression of subcortical adaptations, and support the notion of structural renormalisation as language experience grows.

与语言控制和处理有关的皮层下结构随着语言体验的增加而在结构上适应。然而，不同皮层下结构的适应模式仍不清楚。先前来自双语和多语言者的发现揭示了再正常化模式，为动态重组模型提供了支持（Pliatsikas，2020）。这些模式包括在语言学习的初始阶段增加数量，以及随着经验的增加而减少。获得了 14 名英语单语者、14 名双语者、14 名三语者和 14 名四语者的 T1 加权图像。在各组之间比较了与语言控制和处理有关的 5 个皮层下区域的体积。研究结果显示，每种结构的组别差异——尾状核、伏隔核、壳核、苍白球和丘脑。揭示了每个结构的复杂模式，表明每个组的扩展和重整化轨迹不同。这些发现突出了皮层下适应的动态进展，并支持随着语言体验的增长而结构重新正常化的概念。