BACKGROUND Immune-related diseases can interact with each other, and growing evidence suggests that these diseases are associated with allergic rhinitis (AR). However, it is unclear whether previously observed associations reflect causal relationships. OBJECTIVE This study estimated the genetic association between various immune-related diseases and AR using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS Eight immune-related diseases were selected as exposure factors, and AR was selected as the outcome. The 8 immune-related disease categories included atopic dermatitis (AD), Graves' disease (GD), asthma, Crohn's disease (CD), multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and ulcerative colitis (UC). Data from GWAS (Genome-Wide Association Studies) were selected to construct instrumental variables (IVs) for each disease, and multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as IVs. Corresponding data were retrieved according to the selected SNPs, and all data were summarized and analyzed. RESULTS A total of 416 SNPs were screened as IVs, and the results of IVW support a causal relationship between AR risk and AD (OR: 1.026, 95% CI: 1.014-1.038, P = 9.59 × 10-6), asthma (OR: 1.057, 95% CI: 1.029-1.086, P = .0001), and CD (OR: 1.006, 95% CI: 1.002-1.011, P = .0085). Furthermore, GD (OR: 0.995, 95% CI: 0.991-0.999, P = .0213) and SLE (OR: 0.997, 95% CI: 0.995-1.000, P = .025) may be protective factors. CONCLUSION This MR study found that AD, asthma and CD increase the risk of AR in populations of European ancestry, GD and SLE may be protective factors. These results suggest that confounding factors may have influenced associations previously reported in observational studies.

中文翻译：

---

免疫相关疾病与过敏性鼻炎之间的关联：两样本孟德尔随机研究。

背景技术免疫相关疾病可以相互作用，越来越多的证据表明这些疾病与过敏性鼻炎（AR）有关。然而，尚不清楚先前观察到的关联是否反映了因果关系。目的 本研究使用两样本孟德尔随机化 (MR) 估计了各种免疫相关疾病与 AR 之间的遗传关联。方法选择8种免疫相关疾病作为暴露因素，选择AR作为结果。8种免疫相关疾病类别包括特应性皮炎（AD）、格雷夫斯病（GD）、哮喘、克罗恩病（CD）、多发性硬化症（MS）、类风湿性关节炎（RA）、系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）和溃疡性结肠炎结肠炎（UC）。选择GWAS（全基因组关联研究）的数据来构建每种疾病的工具变量（IV），并选择多个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）作为IV。根据选定的SNP检索相应的数据，并对所有数据进行汇总和分析。结果 共筛选出 416 个 SNP 作为 IV，IVW 结果支持 AR 风险与 AD 之间存在因果关系（OR：1.026，95% CI：1.014-1.038，P = 9.59 × 10-6）、哮喘（OR ：1.057，95% CI：1.029-1.086，P = .0001）和 CD（OR：1.006，95% CI：1.002-1.011，P = .0085）。此外，GD（OR：0.995，95％CI：0.991-0.999，P = .0213）和SLE（OR：0.997，95％CI：0.995-1.000，P = .025）可能是保护因素。结论 这项 MR 研究发现，AD、哮喘和 CD 会增加欧洲血统人群患 AR 的风险，GD 和 SLE 可能是保护因素。这些结果表明，混杂因素可能影响了先前观察性研究中报告的关联。