We investigated older children’s (7–12 years) ability to comprehend before and after sentences. Results found that three factors that influence pre-school aged children’s learning of these words continues to influence older children’s comprehension. Specifically, children’s accuracy is improved when the events can be naturally (vs. arbitrarily) ordered; when the clauses in the sentence iconically match (vs. mismatch) the order of the events in the world; and when sentences use before (vs. after). The first two factors are argued to directly facilitate the building of mental models while the last one does so indirectly because of patterns of input usage.

中文翻译：

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一次又一次：影响儿童理解前后的因素

我们调查了年龄较大的儿童（7-12 岁）的理解能力前和后句子。结果发现，影响学龄前儿童学习这些单词的三个因素继续影响年龄较大儿童的理解。具体来说，当事件可以自然地（相对于任意地）排序时，孩子们的准确性就会提高；当句子中的从句与世界事件的顺序形象地匹配（而不是不匹配）时；当句子使用前（与后）。前两个因素被认为可以直接促进心理模型的建立，而最后一个因素则由于输入使用模式而间接促进心理模型的建立。