Introduction The upsurge of overweight/obesity (OW/OB) among children and adolescents is as a result of complex interactions between lifestyle behaviours and socioeconomic factors. The objective of this study was to determine socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors, dietary intake and eating behaviours of children and adolescents in Ethiopia and their association with OW/OB. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 632 children and adolescents-parent dyads. To identify overweight/obese among children and adolescents, body mass index-for-age Z-scores by sex and age relative to WHO 2007 reference was calculated using WHO AnthroPlus software. A multivariable logistic regression model fitted to determine the adjusted associations between the outcome and the predictors selected from the bivariate analyses. Data analysis was carried out using STATA V.15.0. Results The proportion of participants with low, medium and high dietary diversity scores was 7.28%, 22.5%, and 70.2%, respectively. Participants aged 13–18 years were less likely to be overweight or obese [adjusted OR (aOR) = 0.40; 95%CI: 0.26, 0.64] to those aged 5–12 years. Children in a family with the richest or highest socioeconomic status (SES) were more likely to be overweight or obese than those in families with the poorest or lowest status. Children and adolescents who consumed soft drinks (sugar-sweetened beverages) four or more times per week [aOR = 3.24; 95%CI: 1.13, 7.95] were more likely to be overweight or obese to those who did not consume soft drinks. Conclusions The study identified factors such as younger age (<12 years), high SES and consumption of soft drinks as key contributors to overweight and obesity among children and adolescents. Therefore, interventions targeting behavioural prevention and reduction of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents should be cognizant of the above factors during implementation in order to achieve desired outcomes, further guided by exploratory qualitative studies to identify public perceptions and attitudes affecting dietary practices. Data are available upon reasonable request.

中文翻译：

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埃塞俄比亚儿童和青少年膳食摄入量、饮食行为与儿童肥胖之间的关联


简介 儿童和青少年超重/肥胖 (OW/OB) 的激增是生活方式行为与社会经济因素之间复杂相互作用的结果。本研究的目的是确定埃塞俄比亚儿童和青少年的社会经济和社会人口因素、饮食摄入量和饮食行为及其与 OW/OB 的关系。方法 对 632 名儿童和青少年-父母二人组进行横断面研究。为了确定儿童和青少年中的超重/肥胖情况，使用 WHO AnthroPlus 软件计算了相对于 WHO 2007 年参考值的按性别和年龄划分的年龄体重指数 Z 分数。适合确定结果与从双变量分析中选择的预测变量之间调整后的关联的多变量逻辑回归模型。使用STATA V.15.0进行数据分析。结果膳食多样性得分低、中、高的参与者比例分别为7.28%、22.5%和70.2%。 13-18 岁的参与者超重或肥胖的可能性较小[调整后 OR (aOR) = 0.40； 95% CI: 0.26, 0.64] 对于 5-12 岁的人。与最贫穷或最低社会经济地位（SES）家庭的孩子相比，最富有或最高社会经济地位（SES）家庭的孩子更有可能超重或肥胖。每周饮用软饮料（含糖饮料）四次或以上的儿童和青少年 [aOR = 3.24； 95%CI: 1.13, 7.95] 不喝软饮料的人更有可能超重或肥胖。结论 该研究确定年龄较小（<12 岁）、高社会经济地位和软饮料消费等因素是儿童和青少年超重和肥胖的关键因素。 因此，针对儿童和青少年行为预防和减少超重和肥胖的干预措施在实施过程中应认识到上述因素，以达到预期的结果，并进一步以探索性定性研究为指导，以确定影响饮食习惯的公众看法和态度。数据可根据合理要求提供。