A non-uniform basement condition usually causes dump disasters. Two sets of base friction tests were carried out to discuss the deformation mechanism of the waste dump with partial-weak and total-hard basement. By the image speckle analysis and point-tracking technology, dump displacements and strains were obtained, and the deformation mechanism, stability, failure process of the waste dump were analysed. We could concluded that: (1) a waste dump with total-hard basement has higher stability than that with partial-weak basement. (2) The dump displacement exhibits a distribution of five flat regions that are connected by four steep increasing regions. (3) The dump deformation could be categorized into three phases: continuous deformation phase, crack-failure phase and final stability phase. In crack-failure phase, the deformation process of a total-hard basement waste dump presents a traction-crack-slide feature, but that of a partial-weak basement waste dump exhibits a subsidence-crack-rotation pattern. (4) In the deformation process, a total-hard basement waste dump is mainly affected by tensile stress, and its crack type is classified as tensile crack. While a partial-weak basement waste dump is subject to the coupling action of tensile and shear stress, and its crack type is shear crack. Both total-hard and partial-weak basement waste dumps show volume expansion. (5) With regard to the deformation control project of partial-weak basement waste dumps, strengthening the weak basement and increasing the anti-sliding force of the dump slope are recommended to reduce the vertical and horizontal deformation. These results have guiding significance for the deformation mechanism, stability evaluation and reinforcement measures of partial-weak basement waste dumps.

不均匀的地下室条件通常会导致垃圾场灾难。通过两组基础摩阻试验，探讨了部分软弱和全硬基础垃圾场的变形机制。通过图像散斑分析和点跟踪技术，获得了垃圾场的位移和应变，并对垃圾场的变形机制、稳定性、破坏过程进行了分析。得出结论：（1）全硬地下室垃圾场比部分弱地下室的稳定性更高。(2) 倾倒位移呈现出由四个陡峭增加区域连接的五个平坦区域的分布。(3)倾倒变形可分为三个阶段：连续变形阶段、裂纹破坏阶段和最终稳定阶段。在裂缝破坏阶段，全硬基底垃圾场的变形过程呈现牵引-裂缝-滑动特征，而部分软弱基底垃圾场的变形过程呈现沉降-裂缝-旋转特征。(4)全硬质地下室垃圾堆在变形过程中主要受拉应力影响，其裂缝类型为拉裂缝。而局部软弱的地下室垃圾场则受到拉应力和剪应力的耦合作用，其裂缝类型为剪裂缝。全硬地下室垃圾场和部分弱地下室垃圾场均显示出体积扩大的情况。（5）对于部分软弱地下室垃圾填埋场的变形控制工程，建议对软弱地下室进行加固，增加堆场边坡的抗滑力，以减少竖向和水平变形。研究结果对部分软弱地下室垃圾场的变形机制、稳定性评价及加固措施具有指导意义。