The existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts the entry of drugs from the circulation into the central nervous system (CNS), which severely affects the treatment of neurological diseases, including glioblastoma, Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). With the advantage of bypassing the BBB and avoiding systemic distribution, intranasal administration has emerged as an alternative method of delivering drugs to the brain. Drug delivery directly to the brain using intranasal nanosystems represents a new paradigm for neurological disease treatment because of its advantages in improving drug solubility and stability in vivo, enabling targeted drug delivery and controlled release, and reducing non-specific toxicity. And it has shown efficacy in animal models and clinical applications. Herein, this review describes the mechanisms of intranasal delivery of brain-targeted drugs, the properties of nanosystems for intranasal administration (e.g., liposomes, nanoemulsions, and micelles), and strategies for intranasal drug delivery to enhance brain-targeted drug delivery. Recent applications of nanosystems in intranasal drug delivery and disease treatment have been comprehensively reviewed. Although encouraging results have been reported, significant challenges still need to be overcome to translate these nanosystems into clinics. Therefore, the future prospects of intranasal drug delivery nanosystems are discussed in depth, expecting to provide useful insights and guidance for effective neurological disease treatment.

血脑屏障（BBB）的存在限制了药物从循环进入中枢神经系统（CNS），严重影响神经系统疾病的治疗，包括胶质母细胞瘤、帕金森病（PD）和阿尔茨海默病。广告）。由于具有绕过血脑屏障并避免全身分布的优点，鼻内给药已成为将药物输送到大脑的替代方法。利用鼻内纳米系统将药物直接输送到大脑代表了神经系统疾病治疗的新范例，因为它具有提高药物体内溶解度和稳定性、实现靶向药物输送和控释以及减少非特异性毒性的优势。它在动物模型和临床应用中显示出功效。在此，本综述描述了脑靶向药物的鼻内递送机制、鼻内给药纳米系统（例如脂质体、纳米乳剂和胶束）的特性以及增强脑靶向药物递送的鼻内药物递送策略。纳米系统在鼻内药物输送和疾病治疗方面的最新应用已得到全面综述。尽管已经报道了令人鼓舞的结果，但仍需要克服重大挑战才能将这些纳米系统转化为临床。因此，对鼻内给药纳米系统的未来前景进行深入探讨，期望为神经系统疾病的有效治疗提供有益的见解和指导。