Picking pithy plants: Pith selectivity by wild white-faced capuchin monkeys, Cebus imitator,American Journal of Primatology

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Picking pithy plants: Pith selectivity by wild white-faced capuchin monkeys, Cebus imitator
American Journal of Primatology ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2023-09-10 , DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23549
Allegra N DePasquale ₁ , Alice C Poirier ₁ , Megan A Mah ₁ , Cinthia Villalobos Suarez ₂ , Adrian Guadamuz ₃ , Saul Cheves Hernandez ₃ , Ronald Lopez Navarro ₃ , Jeremy D Hogan ₄ , Jessica M Rothman ₅ , Omer Nevo _{6,

7} , Amanda D Melin _{1,

8,

9}

Affiliation

Understanding diet selectivity is a longstanding goal in primate ecology. Deciphering when and why primates consume different resources can provide insights into their nutritional ecology as well as adaptations to food scarcity. Plant pith, the spongy interior of plant stems, is occasionally eaten by primates, but the context is poorly understood. We examine the ecological, mechanical, chemical, and nutritional basis of plant pith selection by a wild, frugivorous-omnivorous primate (Cebus imitator). We test the hypothesis that pith is a fallback food, that is, consumed when fruit is less abundant, and test for differences between plant species from which pith is eaten versus avoided. We collected 3.5 years of capuchin pith consumption data to document dietary species and analyzed “pith patch visits” in relation to fruit availability, visits to fruit patches, and climatic seasonality. We analyzed dietary and non-dietary species for relative pith quantity, mechanical hardness, odor composition, and macronutrient concentrations. Capuchins ate pith from 11 of ~300 plant species common in the dry forest, most commonly Bursera simaruba. We find that pith consumption is not directly related to fruit availability or fruit foraging but occurs most frequently (84% of patch visits) during the months of seasonal transition. Relative to common non-dietary species, dietary pith species have relatively higher pith quantity, have softer outer branches and pith, and contain more terpenoids, a class of bioactive compounds notable for their widespread medicinal properties. Our results suggest that greater pith quantity, lower hardness, and a more complex, terpenoid-rich odor profile contribute to species selectivity; further, as pith is likely to be consistently available throughout the year, the seasonality of pith foraging may point to zoopharmacognosy, as seasonal transitions typically introduce new parasites or pathogens. Our study furthers our understanding of how climatic seasonality impacts primate behavior and sheds new light on food choice by an omnivorous primate.

中文翻译：

采摘髓质植物：野生白面卷尾猴（Cebus 模仿者）的髓选择性

了解饮食选择性是灵长类动物生态学的长期目标。破译灵长类动物何时以及为何消耗不同的资源可以深入了解它们的营养生态以及对食物短缺的适应。植物髓（植物茎的海绵状内部）偶尔会被灵长类动物吃掉，但人们对其背景知之甚少。我们研究了野生果食杂食灵长类动物（ Cebus模仿者）植物髓选择的生态、机械、化学和营养基础。我们测试了木髓是一种后备食物的假设，即在水果较少时食用木髓，并测试了食用木髓和避免食用木髓的植物物种之间的差异。我们收集了 3.5 年的卷尾猴髓消耗数据来记录饮食物种，并分析了与水果可用性、果斑访问和气候季节性相关的“髓斑访问”。我们分析了饮食和非饮食物种的相对髓含量、机械硬度、气味成分和常量营养素浓度。卷尾猴以干燥森林中常见的约 300 种植物中的 11 种为食，其中最常见的是 Simaruba。我们发现髓消耗与水果供应或水果觅食没有直接关系，但在季节过渡的几个月中最常发生（84% 的斑块访问）。与常见的非食性物种相比，食性木髓物种的木髓数量相对较高，外枝和木髓较软，并且含有更多的萜类化合物，这是一类具有广泛药用特性的生物活性化合物。我们的结果表明，木髓数量较多、硬度较低以及更复杂、富含萜类化合物的气味特征有助于物种选择性；此外，由于髓可能全年持续存在，髓觅食的季节性可能表明动物生药学，因为季节性转变通常会引入新的寄生虫或病原体。我们的研究进一步加深了我们对气候季节性如何影响灵长类动物行为的理解，并为杂食性灵长类动物的食物选择提供了新的线索。

更新日期：2023-09-11

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