Using a systemic and institutional analysis of transnational dynamics in the recruiting, hiring and placement of Vietnamese female migrants in domestic work in Saudi Arabia, this article showcases the experiences of Vietnamese female domestic workers in Saudi Arabia and contributes to the social protection and migrant domestic worker literatures. It contributes a critical analysis on whether bilateral labor agreements can be mechanisms for social protection of migrants. Focusing on the case of Vietnam, I argue that the bilateral labor agreement (bla) signed between Vietnam and Saudi Arabia, enacted by the Vietnamese labor brokerage state and the Saudi Kafala systems, is a form structural violence because it fails to provide social welfare and protection for Vietnamese women domestic workers. In this systemic/structural violence, intersectionality shows that not all female workers suffer the same since ethnic minority workers most often suffer more than the majority (Kinh) female workers. Moreover, inside the Kafeel (the employer/sponsor) homes of this system, most of these female workers suffer, as unfree labor, from being transferred from one house to another, resulting in precarity, cycle of debt and dispossession of their rights.

本文通过对沙特阿拉伯越南女性移民从事家政工作的跨国动态进行系统和制度分析，展示了越南女性移民在沙特阿拉伯的经验，为社会保护和移民家庭工人做出贡献文献。它对双边劳工协议是否可以成为移民社会保护机制做出了批判性分析。以越南为例，我认为，由越南劳工经纪国家和沙特卡法拉体系签署的越南与沙特阿拉伯签署的双边劳工协议（ bla ）是一种形式结构性暴力，因为它未能提供社会福利和保障。保护越南女家庭佣工。在这种系统性/结构性暴力中，交叉性表明并非所有女工都遭受同样的痛苦，因为少数族裔工人往往比大多数（京族）女工遭受更多痛苦。此外，在该系统的 Kafeel（雇主/赞助商）之家中，大多数女工作为不自由劳动力，从一所房子转移到另一所房子，导致不稳定、债务循环和权利被剥夺。