Uniqueness appears to enhance intrinsic value. A unique stamp sells for millions of dollars; Stradivarius violins are all the more precious because they are unlike any others. This observation has not gone overlooked in the value theory literature: uniqueness plays a starring role recalibrating the dominant Moorean understanding of the nature of intrinsic value. But the thesis that uniqueness enhances intrinsic value is in tension with another deeply plausible and widely held thesis, namely the thesis that there is a pro tanto reason to promote the good. It is argued that there is a second, distinct type of uniqueness that plays a more interesting and important axiological role: uniqueness imparts irreplaceable value. This gives occasion to develop the surprisingly undertheorized notion of irreplaceable value.

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独特性、内在价值及其原因

独特性似乎可以提高内在价值。一张独特的邮票售价数百万美元；斯特拉迪瓦里小提琴因其与众不同而显得更加珍贵。这一观察在价值理论文献中并没有被忽视：独特性在重新调整摩尔式对内在价值本质的主导理解方面发挥着重要作用。但是，独特性增强内在价值的论点与另一个看似合理且广泛持有的论点存在紧张关系，即存在促进善的根本原因的论点。有人认为，还有第二种不同类型的独特性，它发挥着更有趣和更重要的价值论作用：独特性赋予不可替代的价值。这为发展不可替代价值这一令人惊讶的理论不足的概念提供了机会。