<br>土壤农用化学品污染的生物降解降低了抗生素抗性基因向作物的直接水平转移风险,Science of the Total Environment

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土壤农用化学品污染的生物降解降低了抗生素抗性基因向作物的直接水平转移风险
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2023-08-20 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166454
Jinhong Li ₁ , Zhengyi Yang ₁ , Qi Zhu ₁ , Guohua Zhong ₁ , Jie Liu ₁

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微生物可以驱动特定于基质的生物降解过程，以减轻因广泛使用农用化学品而导致的土壤污染。然而，具有高代谢效率的微生物能够适应土壤中非基质污染物（尤其是抗生素）的共存。因此，利用活性微生物进行生物降解引起了人们对抗生素耐药性发展潜在风险的担忧。在这里，通过新分离的变形杆菌 ZQ02 （当暴露于四环素时，将杀菌剂百菌清的半衰期从 9.24 d 缩短到 2.35 d）在生物降解过程中评估土壤-植物生物群中抗生素抗性基因（ARG）的水平转移风险。基于宏基因组分析，分析了 ARGs 和移动遗传元件（MGE）的分布。ARGs 与 ∼118 个核心基因共享，主要积累在根际和玉米根中。接种 ZQ02 后，根中 ARGs 的核心基因显著减少。此外，采用 ZQ02 后，假单胞菌属和变形杆菌属被确定为 ARGs 和 MGEs 的主要微生物宿主。主要 ARG 宿主的丰富度在土壤中增加，但在根中几乎没有变化，这有助于减轻宿主介导的 ARGs 从土壤到玉米的转移。最后，评估了 ARGs 的风险。与常规种植系统相比，生物降解后风险 ARG 数量从 220 个（占总 ARG 的 4.77 %）下降到 143 个（占 2.67 %）。其中，25 个高危基因中有 23 个聚集在土壤中，而根中仅鉴定出 2 个基因，进一步验证了作物生物降解后抗生素耐药风险低。简而言之，这项工作强调了基于 ZQ02 的生物降解的关键优势，即减轻 ARG 从土壤到作物的转移风险，这为生物修复技术在可持续农业中的多功能性和可行性提供了更深入的见解。

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Biodegradation of soil agrochemical contamination mitigates the direct horizontal transfer risk of antibiotic resistance genes to crops

Microorganisms can drive a substrate-specific biodegradation process to mitigate soil contamination resulting from extensive agrochemical usage. However, microorganisms with high metabolic efficiency are capable of adapting to the co-occurrence of non-substrate contaminants in the soil (particularly antibiotics). Therefore, the utilization of active microorganisms for biodegradation raises concerns regarding the potential risk of antibiotic resistance development. Here, the horizontal transfer risk of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) in the soil-plant biota was assessed during biodegradation by the newly isolated Proteus terrae ZQ02 (which shortened the half-life of fungicide chlorothalonil from 9.24 d to 2.35 d when exposed to tetracycline). Based on metagenomic analyses, the distribution of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) was profiled. The ARGs shared with ∼118 core genes and mostly accumulated in the rhizosphere and maize roots. After ZQ02 was inoculated, the core genes of ARGs reduced significantly in roots. In addition, the Pseudomonas and Proteus genera were identified as the dominant microbial hosts of ARGs and MGEs after ZQ02 adoption. The richness of major ARG hosts increased in soil but barely changed in the roots, which contributed to the mitigation of hosts-mediated ARGs transfer from soil to maize. Finally, the risk of ARGs has been assessed. Compared with the regular planting system, the number of risky ARGs declined from 220 (occupied 4.77 % of the total ARGs) to 143 (occupied 2.67 %) after biodegradation. Among these, 23 out of 25 high-risk genes were aggregated in the soil whereas only 2 genes were identified in roots, which further verified the low antibiotic resistance risk for crop after biodegradation. In a nutshell, this work highlights the critical advantage of ZQ02-based biodegradation that alleviating the ARGs transfer risks from soil to crop, which offers deeper insights into the versatility and feasibility of bioremediation techniques in sustainable agriculture.

更新日期：2023-08-20

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